作業碼頭人員可靠度與不安全行為因素分析

Human Reliability and Un-safe Behavior Factors Analysis about Chemicals Loading Process on a Dock

高繼鴻(Gi-Hung Kao)

指導教授 ： 莊弘毅

共同指導教授 ： 呂志維(CHIH-WEI LU)

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/職業安全衛生研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2011.00027

摘要

台灣四面環海，國際貿易需仰賴航空或海運；尤其在化學品運輸上大部分為海運為主。碼頭裝卸載貨整體過程中參與的人員包含：領航船、岸上作業人員，以及船員等。本次研究目的為探討作業過程中可能存在的潛在人為失誤因子並運用階層式作業分析、系統化人為失誤減少與預測方法以及人為失誤評估與減少技術等方法來分析找出作業中潛在失誤點。
本研究有效問卷共計為４０份。首先，將整體工作步驟分解成小單元再進行細部分析；接下來探討整個工作過程中可能發生的人為失誤因子，並將失誤因子進行分類與鑑定，同時使用問卷調查碼頭作業人員對於作業程序以及硬體實用性的調查；最後再將階層式作業分析所呈現的結果計算其每個工作流程步驟所可能發生的機率。
研究結果顯示，根據階層式作業分析，可將工作內容分解成7大項，分別為：船舶進港、裝卸前程序、預備裝卸動作、開始裝卸、裝卸完成、預備離開、船舶駛離港域。系統化人為失誤減少與預測方法分析後發現動作失誤以及檢查失誤的部分占了大部分的比例：分別為49%和44%，其餘還有取得失誤(3%)以及選擇失誤(4%)。而運用人為失誤預測與減低技術來計算各項計畫的失誤率結果發現在個人防護具的穿戴中佔有較高的失誤率(0.05)。綜合上述，此作業人員操作部分有相當大比例的潛在人為可靠度因子存在其中，因此針對作業硬體以及作業程序需做改良以及加強人員再訓練。

關鍵字

人為失誤 ； 階層式分析 ； 系統化人為失誤減少與預測方法 ； 人為失誤預測與減少技術

並列摘要

Taiwan is an island and, it’s international trade depends on air and sea transportation. The sea transportation is the most popular way to transport chemicals goods. The workers whose participate in this process include navigators, operators and ship members. This study aim is to detect the potential human factors and calculate human reliability within this process.
This study used The Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), Systematic human error reduction and prediction approach (SHERPA) and Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) to analyze the whole operation.Frist, using HTA to decompose the whole work step into units and to analyze through; SHERPA was used to detect the possible human factors in this process. And then used HEART to forecast the human error probability of every work step.The questionnaire also was used to investigate the workers’ experience about program design and the hardware practicability. The 40 workers were participated.
According to HTA, the whole work decomposed into 7 parts: arrivals, loading preparation, pre-loading, loading, pro-loading, leaving preparation, and departures. SHERPA found the most popular error ways were action error (49%) and check error (44%).And the result from HEART showed the step “put on personal protective equipment” got 0.05.And the questionnaire analysis of the workers’ experience about the program design and hardware practicability showed that the workers’ knowledge and attitude had negative relationship.
From the results of HTA and SHERPA and HEART indicate that the potential human factors play a quiet huge proportion in this process. The suggestions are the program design could be improved and the workers need reeducation to decrease the potential human factors, and increase the human reliability.

並列關鍵字

Human factors ； HTA ； SHERPA ； HEART

參考文獻

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