- 學位論文
醫院內碘-131病房病人出院後殘留輻射活性對清潔人員之輻射風險考量
Radiation safety concerns within an I-131 therapy ward for housekeeping personnel
摘要
本研究目的在探討服用放射性藥物碘-131的病人，我們揣測當病人服用放射性藥物碘-131後會呼出微量的碘-131活性，而這些活性是否會對於人體吸入後造成健康上的危害尚無法得知，尤以打掃病房的清潔人員為主要暴露對象。本研究試以兩種醫療上常見的口罩，為活性碳口罩（黑色）及外科口罩（綠色），模擬清潔人員打掃碘-131病房的情況，來探討工作時配戴口罩是否能夠將輻射活性吸附於口罩，並探討何種口罩的吸附力為佳。 在高雄醫學大學附設中和紀念醫院設有碘-131病房，病人服用放射性藥物碘-131後將住宿於該病房中並等待身上的劑量低於70μSv/hr或是低於30mCi方可出院，一般住院時間長度為二至三天。我們將口罩設置於在房間的通風口，以模擬人體吸氣，嘗試採集空氣中的碘-131活性。當病人出院後，立即收集口罩，並將口罩置於50ml小紙杯中，並用2” × 2” 碘化鈉（NaI（Tl））伽馬能譜系統單獨計算。 我們使用net photopeak area (NPPA)光譜分析，選擇碘-131的peak（364 keV）30％的能量窗口，而每個口罩上所累積的碘-131活性是使用模擬參考源在同一檢測配置所決定。 病人在碘-131病房服用最大放射藥物劑量是74億貝克（200mCi），而病人會在病房裡住院2-3天的時間。活性炭口罩所累積的碘-131活性大約是44.1貝克和126貝克，分別為一層口罩及三層口罩。此伽馬能譜儀分析選用60分鐘的計數時間，其靈敏度可達約2貝克值。 本研究實驗證實空氣中確實有微量碘-131活性，且以活性碳口罩吸附效果為佳，而外科口罩的吸附能力小於活性碳口罩的10％。然而我們無得知空氣中的碘-131總活性，但我們建議清潔人員打掃時配戴活性碳口罩。
並列摘要
Housekeeping personnel radiation safety within our Iodine-131 Therapy Wards has been a concern after patient is discharged from the hospital. Minute amount of I-131, up to 0.015% of oral-administered radioiodine dosage, would be exhaled by patients. The contaminated aerosol or dusts may also become airborne during the house cleaning. In this study, we are going to evaluate two common types of face masks used in our hospital to determine their effectiveness in removal or protection of airborne I-131 contaminations. Two vendors-supplied face masks are selected. One is a three-layer regular filtration-type “green” surgical mask and the other is a four-layer mask that has an extra “dark” activated charcoal layer added. These two types of masks would be attached simultaneously on the room ceiling ventilation outlet panel in a one-mask and a three-mask set for our evaluation study before a patient is admitted in the Iodine Ward. After patient is discharged from the hospital, we would immediately remove these masks that each of these masks is squeezed to fit into a small standard cup（50cc）and to count individually by a 2”x2” NaI(Tl) gamma spectroscopy system. A 30% energy-window of the I-131 photopeak at 365 keV is selected for the iodine’s net photopeak area (NPPA) spectroscopic analysis. Accumulated I-131 activity on each mask is determined by using a simulated reference source at the same detection configuration. With an initial patient oral dosage of 7.4 GBq and 2 days dwell time in the Iodine Ward, the “green” surgical mask type has less than 10% of I-131 adsorption capability than the “dark” activated charcoal mask. The “dark” activated charcoal mask accumulated I-131 activities are estimated to be 44.1 Bq and 126 Bq for one mask and 3 mask-set, respectively. This counting system has a calculated detection limit of about 2 Bq when a counting interval of 60 min is selected in the gamma spectroscopy analysis. The regular “green” mask basically has no I-131 adsorption capability. When our housekeeping personnel are working inside the Iodine Wards, we would recommend the “dark” activated charcoal type mask should be wearing at the whole time for airborne I-131 inhalation protection.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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