台灣高齡者宗教信仰與健康行為之相關研究

目的:根據統計國內有近九成的人有宗教信仰，國外許多研究顯示宗教內化高齡者的內在與行為，可以引導形成正向靈性，甚至幫助成功老化。國內高齡者之宗教信仰類別與宗教活動參與，對於健康危害行為同樣存在助益，信仰是否有助於遠離健康危害行為，尚待進一步探討分析。方法:本研究使用2009年「國民健康訪問暨藥物濫用調查」資料庫資料，抽樣過程採分層多階段等機率抽樣設計，對象為65歲以上高齡者(N= 2623人)，使用Andersen健康行為模式架構，以邏輯式迴歸針對「宗教信仰」以及「宗教活動參與」與「健康危害行為」探討其相關性。結果:宗教信仰及宗教活動參與在不同健康危害行為部分有顯著相關。道教及民間信仰與佛教信徒，相較於無宗教信仰者，有較高的經常性喝酒行為，基督教及天主教等其他宗教信仰則沒有顯著差異；不同宗教信仰在吸煙及嚼檳榔行為部分，則沒有顯著差異。在宗教活動參與部分，有宗教活動參與行為者，相較於未參加宗教活動者，有較低的經常性飲酒及較少的嚼檳榔行為，但在吸煙方面則無顯著相關。其他與健康危害行為有顯著相關的因素包含：性別、教育程度、健康信念、居住地、收入及是否憂鬱等。結論:本研究顯示約有一成高齡者有健康危害行為，宗教信仰在不同健康危害行為有差異，而較多的宗教活動參與較少經常性喝酒及嚼檳榔行為。期政府加強高齡者宗教活動的社會參與，重視宗教之靈性功能，結合現階段長照系統，佈點協助戒酒、菸、檳榔單位設立，鼓勵參與正向的宗教活動。

關鍵字

高齡者；宗教信仰；健康行為；喝酒；吸菸；嚼檳榔

並列摘要

Purpose: According to statistics, nearly 90% of the people have religious beliefs, many foreign studies show that the internalization of the elderly and behavior of the elderly, can lead to the formation of positive spirituality, and even help the successful aging. The participation of religious beliefs and religious activities in the elderly is also helpful for health hazards, and whether faith can help to stay away from health hazards and need to be further explored. Methods: In this study, the National Health Access and Drug Abuse Survey database was used in this study. The sampling process was stratified with multi-stage and other odds sampling design for over 65 years old (N = 2623), using Andersen's health behavior Model structure, with a logical return for "religious beliefs" and "religious activities involved" and "health hazards" to explore its relevance. Results: Religious beliefs and religious activities were significantly associated with different health hazard behaviors. Taoism and folk beliefs and Buddhist believers, compared with non-religious beliefs, have a higher regular drinking behavior, Christianity and Catholicism and other religious beliefs are no significant differences; different religious beliefs in the smoking and chewing betel nuts, Significant difference. In the participation of religious activities, there are religious activities involved in the behavior, compared with those who did not participate in religious activities, a lower regular drinking and less chewing betel nut behavior, but no significant correlation in smoking. Other factors that are significantly related to health hazards include gender, education, health beliefs, place of residence, income, and depression. Conclusion: This study shows that about 10% of elderly people have health hazards, religious beliefs in different health hazards are different, and more religious activities to participate in less frequent drinking and chewing betel nut behavior. The government strengthens the social participation of the elderly people's religious activities, attaches importance to the spiritual function of the religion, combines the long-term system, the arrangement to assist the alcohol abstinence, the tobacco and the betel nut units, and encourages the participation in the positive religious activities.