莫拉克風災後原住民中老年人創傷後壓力疾患之盛行率與相關因子

莫拉克風災為台灣近年來最為慘重的天然災難之一。本研究在災難後3-6個月招募受試者進行問卷訪談，藉由先前文獻回顧選擇可能之相關因子來評估創傷後壓力疾患、憂鬱症與同時罹患兩者疾病共病，資料收集包含人口學變項、創傷經驗、自覺健康狀況、遷移等。共完成120位大於55歲的中老年人的評估。35位 (29.1%) 的受試者於災難後3至6個月表現出創傷後壓力疾患，52位 (43.3%) 表現出憂鬱症，其中27 (22.5%) 同時有兩者疾病共病。經由邏輯迴歸彼此變項之間包含性別、教育、身體損傷、家人死亡、房屋受損、遷移、自覺健康狀態的狀況下，發展創傷後壓力疾患的相關因子為女性、遷移、較差的自覺健康，更進一步再控制憂鬱的狀況下，其相關因子為女性、遷移、家人死亡、較差的自覺健康。而發展憂鬱症與創傷後壓力疾患與憂鬱症之共病的相關因子為較差的自覺健康。創傷後壓力疾患容易與憂鬱症同時出現，而非獨自發展。災難後的安頓與重建計畫應注意這些相關因子對於老年個體所可能引發的心理影響。

關鍵字

中老年人；創傷後壓力疾患；憂鬱症；莫拉克風災；相關因子；盛行率

並列摘要

Typhoon Morakot has been one of most destructive disasters ever happened in Taiwan. This study enrolled participants by using interview survey after 3-6 months after the disaster. The literature showed, possible correlates for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and comorbidity of depression and PTSD were examined. Information regarding to demographic characteristics, relocation, personal injury, family death, property damage, and self-perceived health was collected. Totally, one hundred and twenty people aged 55 years and above, were invited to participate into this study. Altogether, thirty-five (29.1%) presented PTSD, fifty-two (43.3%) developed depression. Among them, twenty-seven (22.5%) had comorbidity of PTSD and depression. correlates for PTSD were female, experiencing relocation, and having poorer self-perceived health after controlling for gender, education, personal injury, family death, property damage, experiencing relocation, and self-perceived health status . Further adding depression into the analysis, risk factors for PTSD were being female, experiencing relocation, family death, and poorer self-perceived health. For depression and comorbidity of depression and PTSD after the disaster was poorer self-perceived health. PTSD commonly manifested with depression, not alone. Resettlement and rehabilitation programs after a disaster are needed to be more concerned with their psychological effects on victims.