早期療育機構發展遲緩兒童之幼兒早期性齲齒和其相關因素探討

Early childhood caries and related factors of children with developmental delay in early intervention institutes

黃珊珊(Shan-Shan Huang)

指導教授 ： 黃純德

共同指導教授 ： 王文岑(Wen-Chen Wang)

高雄醫學大學/口腔醫學院/牙醫學系碩士班/碩士(2015年)

摘要

前言：世界衛生組織的統計推估，發展遲緩兒童盛行率為6至8%。據推估台灣約有8到10萬名發展遲緩兒童，且通報人數有逐年上升的趨勢。然而，國內外針對發展遲緩兒童的口腔狀況研究仍相當缺乏，因此本研究之目的是了解台灣發展遲緩兒童的口腔健康狀況及相關影響因素。
材料與方法：本研究採立意取樣，以台灣27所早期療育機構238位2-6歲發展遲緩兒童為研究對象。資料收集包含口腔檢查及問卷調查兩部分，口腔檢查由四位牙醫師執行(Kappa=0.89)。問卷採以自填式結構型問卷，由發展遲緩兒童之家長或照護者填答。以卡方檢定及邏輯斯迴歸檢視各變項與幼兒早期性齲齒(ECC)及嚴重幼兒早期性齲齒(SECC)盛行率之關係。
結果：本研究之發展遲緩兒童平均乳牙齲齒指數為2.45(±3.66)顆，ECC盛行率為43.28%，SECC盛行率為31.51%。4歲以上未滿6歲之發展遲緩兒童罹患ECC之機率為2歲以上未滿4歲的2.82倍，罹患SECC之機率為2.34倍。睡前使用奶瓶持續至3歲以上者得到SECC之機會為未滿2歲者的6.06倍。
結論：發展遲緩兒童的齲齒狀況雖較先前之調查結果較為改善，然而齲齒率依舊偏高，且齲齒的嚴重度隨年齡的增長而增加。因此仍需要投入更多的努力來提升家長及照護者的口腔保健觀念、改善發展遲緩兒童的飲食習慣。

關鍵字

發展遲緩兒童 ； 幼兒早期性齲齒

並列摘要

Background: According to World Health Organizatioin, the prevalence of developmental delay in children is 6-8%. It is estimated that there are around 80,000 to 100,000 children with developmental delay in Taiwan and the number is still increasing. However, the researches about the oral health condition of this population remain insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health conditions of children with developmental delay and discover the associate factors.
Material and methods: Data were collected through purposing sampling. 238 children with developmental delay were recruited in our study. They were attending early intervention institutes and aged 2-6 years old. The study comprised oral examination conducted by 4 dentists (kappa =0.89) and self-administered questionnaire completed by the caregivers. Chi-square test and logistic regression was used to determine the associated factor of prevalence and severity of early childhood caries (ECC).
Result: The dmft index was 2.45(±3.66). The prevalence of ECC and SECC were 43.28% and 31.51%. The prevelance of ECC in children aged 2 to 3 years old was 2.82 times higher than those aged 4 to 5 years old. The prevelance of SECC was 2.34 times higher in children aged 2 to 3 years old compare to those aged 4 to 5 years old and 6.06 times higher for the children sleeping the bottle more than 3 years old compare to those quit bottle before 2 years old.
Conclusions: The result of our study suggests that the oral health condition of children with developmental delay is improved compared to previous research. However, it was still far from satisfaction. And extra efforts are needed to raise the awareness of oral care among caregivers and reinforce healthier diet habits for children with developmental delay.

並列關鍵字

developmental delay ； Early childhood caries

參考文獻

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