重複性手臂抬舉作業之上肢人因評估-以某工廠為例

The ergonomic evaluation of upper-extremity among the repetitive arms lifts tasks in a manufacturer

劉蓉蓉(Jung-Jung Liu)

指導教授 ： 彭瓊瑜

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/職業安全衛生研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

人工物料搬運於許多工作或是日常生活活動之中為主要的構成要素，其包含了抬舉、卸下、推頂、拖拉以及藉由手提攜物體。它在許多的研究領域之中已經成為熱門的主題之一，特別是人工物料抬舉的部份。主要熱門的原因是其可能會造成重大的成本損失以及因為人工物料搬運的緣故產生嚴重的工作傷害。手臂抬舉的工作姿勢在日常生活中是必要的工作方式，但是其可能因為抬舉的形式而產生一些潛在肌肉骨骼方面的危害，尤其是上肢部分的手臂以及肩膀部份。
本研究的目的是提供方法來避免工作環境中所造成的累積性傷害以及提供改善建議給工廠進而能夠改善其工作的環境。本研究使用了北歐肌肉骨骼問卷及人因工程因素基準線風險認定檢核表來評估其工作環境的肌肉骨骼不適之風險因子，並使用可攜式肌電儀來量測作業人員之肌肉活動性於工廠中的包裝作業工作區(入料包裝的部份)。
本研究問卷的結果顯示出有88.9%的作業人員在工作之後有肌肉骨骼不適的情況發生，其不適的部位盛行比例為肩膀及手腕的部份，接續是手肘及膝蓋的部份；人因工程因素基準線風險認定檢核表評估的結果其頸部及背部為最高風險的部位；可攜式肌電儀量測的結果，無論是男性或是女性作業人員其右肱橈肌呈現的疲勞情況最為明顯。
由各項研究評估結果得知，重複性手臂抬舉作業確實有潛在的人因危害存在，為使危害風險降低，建議加強肌肉骨骼傷害教育訓練、
適度的調整休息時間或增加休息頻率、使用真空抬舉機搬運物料以及調整工作台與工作人員相對高度。

關鍵字

人工物料搬運 ； 北歐肌肉骨骼問卷 ； 人因工程因素基準線風險認定檢核表 ； 肌電儀

並列摘要

Manual materials handling (MMH) is a component of many jobs and activities undertaken in life. It involves lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling and carrying objects by hand. It has been a popular theme in many research fields, especially manual lifting. The main popular reason is the devastating cost and human suffering caused by the severity of MMH related injuries. The arms lift tasks are necessary in our active daily living. One of the potential hazards in lifting is the related musculoskeletal injury of upper-extremity, especially the arms and shoulders.
The objective of this study is to provide a way to avoid job's cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) through the work field and to provide the factory suggestion to improve the work environment. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (NMQ) and baseline risk identification ergonomic factors (BRIEF) were used to determine the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders of the workspace. The portable electromyogram (EMG) was used to measure the activity of muscle groups from the certain factory during the" Material packing into a paper-bag “task.
The questionnaire’s result shows that 88.9% of workers reported musculoskeletal discomfort after the job, and the highest prevalence rates were occurred in the segments of shoulder and wrist, followed by the elbow and knee. The result of BRIEF checklist reveals that neck and back were the high risk regions in all tasks. The result of portable EMG, no matter in males or females, the right brachioradialis appears the most evident muscle fatigue.
Results showed that the repetitive arms lifts tasks have potential ergonomics hazards result in occurring musculoskeletal disorders. For decreasing and preventing the hazard risks, the recommendations are to enhance musculoskeletal disorders education training, to take more break times, to use the vacuum lifters make the handling of heavy containers easier and to adjust the height of worktable to personnel.

並列關鍵字

Manual Materials Handling ； NMQ ； BRIEF ； EMG

參考文獻

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