第二型糖尿病個案人格特質、糖尿病相關情緒困擾、社會支持與自我照顧行為之相關性

過去文獻指出與糖尿病血糖控制息息相關的糖尿病人自我照顧行為，與糖尿病相關情緒困擾及社會支持有顯著相關，而五大人格特質也被認為與糖尿病自我照顧行為有關。本研究目的為探討第二型糖尿病個案的五大人格特質、糖尿病相關情緒困擾及社會支持與自我照顧行為之間的相關，期望能提供臨床糖尿病照護團隊，擬定糖尿病人個別性的照護策略及介入之參考。本研究採橫斷性研究，於南部四家新陳代謝科門診採方便取樣共收案200位第二型糖尿病病人，以無記名及自填問卷方式進行，問卷內容包括人口特性及疾病特性、簡版IPIP五大人格量表、糖尿病相關情緒困擾量表、糖尿病社會支持量表及糖尿病自我照顧行為量表，量表經信度檢定，包括內在一致性、再測信度。資料採用百分比、平均值、標準差、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關與階層複迴歸分析。研究結果發現年齡越大、罹病期越久者及高社會支持者，其糖尿病總自我照顧行為越好。愈傾向外向性、友善性及謹慎性人格者總自我照顧行為愈好，而愈傾向神經性人格則其總自我照顧行為越差。年齡與社會支持為總自我照顧行為的重要解釋因子，解釋總變異量25.2%。研究結果可提供臨床實務參考，透過評估糖尿病人的人格特質及社會支持，以提升糖尿病人自我照顧行為。

關鍵字

糖尿病；人格；糖尿病情緒困擾；社會支持；自我照顧行為

並列摘要

Diabetes self-care behaviors play a pivotal role in glycemic control, and this is largely affected by diabetes-related distress and social support; however, few articles have explored the impact of Big-Five personality traits on diabetes self-care behaviors. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of Big-Five personality traits, diabetes-related distress and social support to diabetes self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this cross-sectional study, 200 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from four diabetes clinics in southern Taiwan by convenience sampling. Participants were asked to complete an anonymous self-reported questionaire. The questionaire included demographic and disease characteristics, shortened version of IPIP Big Five personality scale, the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale, Diabetes Social Support Scale, and Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors Scale. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated for internal consistency and test-retest reliability, while data analysis was performed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation test, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that increasing age and longer diabetes duration were associated with better self-care behaviors. Patients with better diabetes social support were significantly associated with better diabetes self-care behaviors. Patients more possessing extrovert, agreeable and conscientious personality traits had better self-care behaviors, while those with more neurotic traits had worse self-care behaviors. Social support and age were the most important explanatory factors of self-care behaviors, which explained 25.2% of the variance. The results of this study could be used in clinical practice. By evaluating personality and social support, healthcare providers could improve self-care behaviors of patients with type 2 diabetes.

並列關鍵字

diabetes ； personality ； diabetes-related distress ； social support ； self-care behavior

參考文獻

Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991). The MOS social support survey. Social Science & Medicine, 32(6), 705-714. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-B

王秀紅(2000)‧自我照顧的概念及其在國內護理研究應用之評析‧護理雜誌，47(2)，64-70。Doi：10.6224/JN.47.2.64。