社會資本、跨文化適應、心理健康與工作態度關係之研究－以高雄地區外籍勞工為例

A Study of the Relationships among Social Capital, Cross-cultural Adjustment, Psychological Health and Work Attitude of Foreign Workers in Kaohsiung Area

林欣暐(Shin-Wei Lin)

指導教授 ： 張肇松

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/醫務管理學研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

研究背景與目的：跨文化適應對心理健康與工作態度的影響是在派外管理中的重要議題，而社會資本能增進外籍工作者在不同國家生活與工作的適應程度。本研究欲探討在台外籍勞工社會資本、跨文化適應、心理健康與工作態度之間的關聯性，並檢測外籍勞工跨文化適應在社會資本與其心理健康以及工作態度之間的中介作用。

研究方法：本研究採用便利抽樣方式於2009年四月至六月期間以高雄地區四個國家外籍勞工為研究對象進行問卷調查，共有效回收344份問卷。結構式問卷包括社會資本、跨文化適應、心理健康以及工作態度狀態之測量。

研究結果：在台外籍勞工的社會資本、跨文化適應、心理健康與工作態度隨著國籍不同而有差異。外籍勞工的個人社會資本對其跨文化適應、自覺健康滿意與工作態度有顯著的正向影響，而社會資本對外籍勞工心理困擾有顯著負向影響。外籍勞工跨文化適應對自覺健康滿意與工作態度有顯著正向影響，而跨文化適應對其心理困擾有顯著負向影響。在層級迴歸分析中，研究顯示跨文化適應在外籍勞工個人的社會資本與心理健康之間具有完全中介效果，而在社會資本與其工作態度之間僅存在部份中介效果。

結論與建議：本研究顯示外籍勞工跨文化適應在社會資本與心理健康以及工作態度之間有中介效果的存在。在重視人權的背景下，關懷與重視外籍勞動者健康與照護問題不容忽視，因此如何加強外籍勞工的個人社會資本與跨文化適應，進而促進其心理健康與工作態度實為重要的議題，實值得更進一步研究。

關鍵字

社會資本 ； 跨文化適應 ； 心理健康 ； 工作態度 ； 外籍勞工

並列摘要

Objectives: The impact of cross-cultural adjustment on individual’s psychological health and work attitude is an important issue to be concerned in the expatriate management. The social capital can facilitate the adjustment of foreign workers when they are living and working in different countries. This study was designed to investigate the relationships between individual’s social capital, cross-cultural adjustment, perceived psychological health and work attitude among Taiwan’s foreign workers. We also test whether cross-cultural adjustment plays a role of mediating effect on the relationship between social capital and individual psychological health or work attitude.

Methods: A total of 344 foreign workers from four countries including Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesian and Philippine in Kaohsiung area, Taiwan were surveyed from April to June 2009. A structural self-reported measure, including questionnaires of social capital, cross-cultural adjustment, psychological health, and work attitude status was given to all participants.

Results: The perceived social capital, cross-cultural adjustment, psychological health and work attitude of foreign workers varied substantially by nationalities. Individual’s social capital was positively associated with his or her cross-cultural adjustment, self-rated health satisfaction and work attitude, but negatively associated with psychological distress. The cross-cultural adjustment of foreign workers was positively associated with his or her self-rated health satisfaction and work attitude, but negatively associated with psychological distress. In hierarchical multiple regression analysis, our results showed that the cross-cultural adjustment had a completely mediating effect between social capital and individual’s psychological health, and a partial mediating effect between social capital and work attitude.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated individual’s cross-cultural adjustment mediated the relationship between social capital, psychological health and work attitude. To promote the psychological health and work attitude of foreign workers in Taiwan, the important issues of social capital and cross-cultural adjustment need to be concerned and worth further studied.

並列關鍵字

Social Capital ； Cross-cultural Adjustment ； Psychological Health ； Work Attitude ； Foreign Worker

參考文獻

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王中天（2003）。社會資本(Social Capital)：概念、緣起、及現況。問題與研究,42(5),139-164。

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