塔塔加地區灰頭花翼的形態與覓食生態

The morphology and foraging ecology of Fulvetta formosana at Takaka Area

劉姿岑(Tzu-Tsen Liu)

指導教授 ： 陳炤杰

高雄醫學大學/生命科學院/生物醫學暨環境生物學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2012.00070

摘要

灰頭花翼(Fulvetta formosana)在被認定為台灣特有種鳥類後，保育地位大為提升，然而灰頭花翼詳細的生活史資料仍付諸闕如。本研究於玉山國家公園塔塔加地區進行灰頭花翼繫放與形值測量，採集血液及體羽進行性別鑑定，並利用判別分析來分辨公、母鳥；另一方面也研究灰頭花翼的覓食生態，比較灰頭花翼在繁殖季與非繁殖季覓食行為與棲地利用上的差異。結果共捕捉到40隻灰頭花翼成鳥，其中公、母鳥在全頭長、自然翼長、最大翼長、跗趾長、尾長、體長與體重等形值上皆具有顯著差異。判別分析函數式的準確率達85%，遠大於利用泄殖腔辨識性別的準確率(70%)，顯示判別分析能夠較有效地區分出灰頭花翼的性別。覓食生態方面，灰頭花翼在繁殖季偏好人造林，而迴避針闊葉灌叢；非繁殖季時仍較偏好人造林。灰頭花翼在不同的季節會利用不同微棲地，並採取適合的覓食方式取得食物資源，繁殖季灰頭花翼主要在木本植物上搜尋並啄食在植物表面的昆蟲。非繁殖季灰頭花翼便在箭竹灌叢間使用較多裡層覓食及吊掛的方式找尋躲藏在箭竹與草本植物莖節裡的節肢動物。本研究顯示灰頭花翼能夠藉由不同的覓食行為因應季節與食物資源的變化。

關鍵字

性別鑑定 ； 微棲地 ； 覓食行為 ； 判別分析 ； ROC曲線 ； 玉山國嘉公園

並列摘要

The Streak-throated Fulvetta (Fulvetta formosana) is one of the newly recognized endemic bird species in Taiwan. However, the life history of this specie has been little known. In this study I collected morphological data and blood samples of Streak-throated Fulvettas from the Tataka Area, and used discriminant analysis and appearance of cloacal protuberance to distinguish their gender. Furthermore, I investigated foraging tactics and characteristics of microhabitat and food item usage of the Streak-throated Fulvetta to explore its foraging ecology between breeding and non-breeding seasons. The results showed that measurements on head length, tarsus length, beak depth, wing length, tail length, and body length were significantly different between females (n=14) and males (n=26). Accuracy of discrimiant analysis is 85%, indicating that sex distinguished through discrimiant analysis was more accurate than that by cloacal protuberance (70%). In foraging ecology, the Streak-throated Fulvetta preferred plantation forests both during breeding and non-breeding season, but avoided conifer-shrub forests during breeding season. In addition, foraging behavior and habitat use differed between seasons. Streak-throated Fulvettas used mostly glean maneuvers on tree parts for insects during breeding season, and used mostly hang and subsurface maneuvers on bamboo thickets during non-breeding season. I suspected that such discrepancy might result from different prey distribution between seasons. This study showed that the Streak-throated Fulvetta has different foraging behaviors that could respond flexibly to seasonal change in spatial distribution of prey abundance to survive harsh climate conditions in the winter.

並列關鍵字

sex identification ； microhabitat ； foraging behavior ； discriminant analysis ； ROC curves ； Yushan National Park

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研究所碩士論文。