- 學位論文
長期從事瑜珈者的生理心理狀態與心臟自律神經調控：與跑步者和坐式生活者的比較
The psycho-physiological status and cardiac autonomic control in long-term yoga practitioners: a comparison with runners and sedentary individuals
摘要
研究背景:長時間的壓力不僅會對身心造成負面的影響，亦會導致自律神經系統的失衡，過去不少文獻也顯示自律神經系統調控與心血管疾病相關的死亡率有顯著關係。先前的研究指出，長期有氧運動訓練不僅能夠促進身心健康，對於心臟的自律神經調控也有正面的效應。除了有氧運動，瑜珈的相關研究中亦指出，瑜珈可能有改善自律神經調控的效果，但過去研究的結果並一不致，且多為短期的瑜珈介入效果的探討，對於長期練習瑜珈者的生理心理狀態和心臟自律神經的調控，鮮少有相關的研究探討。 研究目的: 本研究的目的為探討長期從事瑜珈者的生理心理狀態與心臟自律神經調控，並且比較與長期規律跑步者和坐式生活者的生理心理狀態與心臟自律神經調控之間的差異。 研究方法: 本研究共徵召57位健康女性符合研究條件之受試者，分別為瑜珈組(20人)、跑步組(19人)、坐式生活組(18人)。所有受試者會填寫基本資料、壓力知覺量表、貝氏憂慮量表、焦慮量表、匹茲堡睡眠量表、運動行為量表，及流暢狀態量表，並接受三分鐘登階測試，以評估受試者的心理狀態與心肺適能。此外，研究人員會測量受試者在平靜休息時及心理壓力時的血壓、心電圖，和呼吸速率，以評估受試者的心臟自律神經調控。 研究結果: 瑜珈組在休息時呼吸次數 (10.35±2.13) 顯著低於其他兩組 (p=0.001)，瑜珈組的休息心跳率和舒張壓顯著低於坐式生活組；心肺適能指數坐式生活組分數較差，顯著低於其他兩組。瑜珈組和坐式生活組的心率變異度在各階段皆無顯著差異。三組的心跳、血壓在心理壓力測試和恢復期的改變量無顯著差異。心率變異度與流暢狀態量表有顯著的正相關，心跳率、呼吸頻率及舒張壓等皆和流暢狀態量表有顯著的負相關。 結論：本研究發現，長期規律從事瑜珈的女性有較低的休息時呼吸頻率、心跳率，和舒張壓，這些皆是心血管健康的重要指標，顯示瑜珈是值得推薦給女性的運動之一。然而在心率變異度的部分，瑜珈對於副交感神經活性的影響並不明確。
並列摘要
Background： Chronic stress can lead to negative effects on mental and physical health. A number of studies have shown that autonomic control was associated with the mortality of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies indicated that exercise benefit the autonomic control. Moreover, long- term aerobic exercise training has been shown to improve and maintain individuals’ psycho-physiological status and have positive effect on autonomic control. Previous studies have suggested that yoga practice may enhance autonomic activity, but the results were inconsistent and most studies employed short-term yoga intervention. The relationship between autonomic activity and psycho-physiological responses in long-term yoga practitioners has not been widely explored. Purpose：The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the psycho-physiological status and cardiac autonomic control in long-term yoga practitioners and compared that to runners and sedentary individuals. Method：Fifty-seven healthy female participants (yoga group, n=20; runner group, n=19) and (sedentary group, n=18)) were recruited for this study. All participants completed questionnaires, including demographic data, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, state and trait anxiety, Pittsburgh sleep quality, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, and Flow scale. Participants also performed the 3-minutes step test. In addition, electrocardiogram, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiration rate during rest and psychological stress were measured for the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Result：Yoga group demonstrated a lower respiration rate compared to the other groups. Yoga group showed a significantly lower heart rate and diastolic blood pressure at rest as compared to sedentary group. Sedentary group had worst aerobic fitness score. There was no significant difference in HRV during all conditions between yoga group and sedentary group. No changes were found in HR and BP during mental stress and recovery among the three groups. HRV and Flow scale showed positive correlation. HR, RR, DBP were negative correlated with Flow scale. Conclusion：Female long term yoga practitioners showed lower respiration rate, heart rate, and diastolic blood pressure at rest, suggesting that yoga is beneficial for cardiovascular health and can be recommended to women. However, the effect of yoga on cardiac parasympathetic nerves activity was not clear.
參考文獻
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