- 學位論文
美耐皿餐具溶出高濃度三聚氰胺之相關研究
High melamine release in daily-use melamine-made tableware
摘要
2008年中國爆發毒奶粉事件，當時有五萬多名嬰兒因為吃了受三聚氰胺污染的奶粉導致腎臟病變而住院。對嬰幼兒來說，奶粉是最大的暴露來源，但是對成年人而言，是否有其他暴露三聚氰胺的來源與途徑，尚未有清楚的研究，又因為三聚氰胺在工業上的用途很廣，包括被用來製造美耐皿餐具。因此我們想探討每天用餐都會使用的餐具，包含美耐皿餐具，是否在我們用餐過程中會溶出三聚氰胺而進入人體。以蒸餾水和含有3%醋酸的水溶液來模擬我們平日攝取的食物，分別測試室溫（約20℃）、30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃和90℃在放置30分鐘後三聚氰胺的溶出量，並且也探討不同放置時間（15和30分鐘）的三聚氰胺溶出濃度的不同。使用液相層析串聯式質譜儀來分析三聚氰胺溶出量。結果發現，五種美耐皿餐具均會溶出三聚氰胺，而且濃度會隨著溫度升高而升高，範圍從2.1 到 19031.4 ng/mL，接觸時間越久，溶出量也越高。含有3%醋酸的水溶液所測得的釋出量，也大於純蒸餾水。在校正餐具接觸面積，在20℃至90℃的溶出範圍為0.05 到33.35μg/dm2 。除了美耐皿以外的餐具，其三聚氰胺溶出量均低於偵測極限。所以我們確定美耐皿餐具的確會溶出三聚氰胺，而且溫度越高所溶出的量也會隨著增加，因此我們應該避免以美耐皿餐具盛裝高溫的熱食，以降低暴露三聚氰胺的風險。
並列摘要
The outbreak of melamine contaminated formula event in China has raised the concerns about the health safety of melamine exposure. Melamine is also commonly used to manufacture tableware, and that could be one of the important exposure sources in humans. The study aims to measure melamine release from different materials-made of tableware, especially tableware made of melamine. The test samples were filled with the pre-warmed designated-temperature (from room temperature (~20oC), 30oC, 40oC, 50oC, 60oC, 70oC, 80oC, to 90oC) simulating solutions (either distilled water or 3% acetic acid) up to 20 ml and immersed in a water bath at that designated temperature for 15 or 30 minutes (min). Melamine concentration was measured by the method of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). High melamine levels, ranging from 6,074.7 to 19,031.4 ng/ml, can be released from all melamine-made samples containing 20 ml 3% acetic acid in water bath of 90oC for 30 min, whereas melamine can not be detected in all other materials-made samples in the same condition. The released melamine amount is dependent on different temperatures, contact times, and simulation solutions. The higher the temperature, the increased melamine leaching in all melamine-made samples in the conditions of both 20 ml distilled water and 3% acetic acid in water bath for 30 min. Melamine can be leached-out from daily-use melamine-made tableware, even though in room temperature (~20oC). Since tableware is used in daily life, it is prudent to cautiously select the materials to contain the foodstuffs.