羞愧感、被笑恐懼對大學生完美主義與逃避行為之中介效應及父母教養之角色

研究背景與目的：「完美主義者」，顧名思義，期許做事做到高標、做到完美；這樣過度的自我苛求與自我價值的保護，往往會削減自我的滿意度、恐懼遭受到挫敗、擔心形象的受損，而變得無法容忍任何瑕疵、設限自我的想法與行為、甚至造成自我功能的癱瘓，進而阻礙完成更實際的目標。然人類有很深的動機在追求與維持親密的社會關係，但任何的社會關係模式都存在著進取與逃避威脅傾向，目前卻鮮少研究以認知與動機的角度來討論逃避性社會關係。故本研究欲探討完美主義者在看似完美無瑕的行為背後，實際可能發生在人際社交上的逃避行為，及過程中羞愧感與被笑恐懼因子是否將於內心產生交互動盪之影響，又於亞洲文化背景下的父母教養型態是否會與完美主義、羞愧感與被笑恐懼有其關係。研究方法：採橫斷式調查，以100學年度全台灣大專院校在學學生共1,393位為樣本對象。使用結構式問卷，其測量工具含六大部分：一、個人基本資料；二、完美主義量表；三、羞愧感量表；四、被笑恐懼量表；五、逃避行為量表；六、父母教養量表。其中完美主義量表與被笑恐懼量表採原始中文量表再加以調整後使用。羞愧感量表、逃避行為量表與父母教養量表則以原始英文版量表經回譯方式進行發展，並予以預試來檢視其再測信度。然父母教養、完美主義、羞愧感、被笑恐懼與逃避行為之間使用雙變數相關來分析其相關性，並利用皮爾森相關係數來檢定相關程度。最後以逃避行為為依變項，完美主義為自變項，使用一系列線性迴歸來分析羞愧、被笑恐懼之中介效果。研究結果與結論：一、男性大學生在完美主義與逃避行為傾向高於女性大學生二、父親社經地位較低的大學生在羞愧感、被笑恐懼與逃避行為傾向較高三、被笑恐懼於完美主義與逃避行為之間具部分中介效應四、羞愧感於完美主義與逃避行為之間具部分中介效應最後，研究者針對上述研究結果進行討論，並分別對未來學術研究與實務工作提出建議，以供其參考。

關鍵字

父母教養；完美主義；羞愧感；被笑恐懼；逃避行為

並列摘要

INTRODUCTION "Perfectionist", as the name implies, is people who expect to do thing in the highest standrad, to be perfect, such excessive protection of self-worth and self-demanding, often reduce the self satisfaction, fear suffered defeat, fearing damage to the image, and become unable to tolerate any flaws, self-handicapping ideas and behaviors, and even cause paralysis ego function, and thus hinder the completion of a more realistic goal. However, human beings have a deep motivation in the pursuit and maintenance of close social relationships, but any social relationship models are there and escape the threat of aggressive tendencies, but few studies currently in cognition and motivation to discuss the escape angle of social relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perfectionist behind the seemingly flawless behavior may actually occur on interpersonal social avoidance behavior, and the process of shame and gelotophobia factor, and the mediating effects of shame and gelotophobia between the relationships of perfectionism and avoidant behaviors, and how to the parenting effects the perfectionism, shame and gelotophobia among college students. METHODS The study was cross-sectional and surveyed the 1,393 college students for the 100th Academic Year in Taiwan. The instruments used in this study included basic information, perfectionism scale, shame scale, gelotophobia scale, avoidant behaviors scale and parenting scale. Among them were laughing Perfectionism Scale and gelotophobia adjust the original Chinese scale, reliability and validity of the test after starting use. Shame Scale, avoidant behaviors scale and Parenting Scale places the original English version was translated back to the way of development, and be pre-trial review its test-retest reliability and construct validity. Parenting, perfectionism, shame, gelotophobia between the use of dual variables associated with avoidance behavior to analyze the correlation between, and using Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test its relevance. Then avoidant behaviors as the dependent variable, perfectionism as independent variables, linear regression analysis using a series of shame, gelotophobia mediating effect. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The results of this study were summarized as follow: 1. A male college students tend to perfectionism and avoidant behaviors than female college students. 2. The college student whose father has low socioeconomic status will have higher shame, gelotophobia and avoidant behaviors. 3. The shame has mediating effects between the relationships of perfectionism and avoidant behaviors among college students. 4. The gelotophobia has mediating effects between the relationships of perfectionism and avoidant behaviors among college students. According to the conclusions of the main findings, the author discussed the limitation of the present research, and made some suggestions for further study.