社區老年人健康促進活動需求與利用暨相關因素之探討

研究目的：運用Andersen健康服務利用行為模式，探究健康促進活動喜愛與利用型態之相關因素。研究方法：研究期間為2014年2月至5月，以居住在社區年齡為65歲以上的老人為對象。採取立意抽樣方法，願意接受訪問者即納為樣本，樣本數共303人。調查方式為經由受過訓練之訪視人員，前往老人常聚集活動的場所，例如公園、廟口、活動中心、關懷據點等，進行面對面訪談，每位受訪者平均花費20~30分鐘填答問卷。統計方法以SPSS19.0版統計套裝軟體進行分析。研究結果：健康促進活動喜愛與利用，與年齡、性別、教育程度、婚姻狀況、居住狀況、經濟狀況、社會資源、健康資源、交通運輸、目前罹病數、自評健康狀況、自評功能和心理狀態等相關因素，皆具有統計上顯著意義（p<0.05）；籍貫與喜愛活動有顯著相關，但與活動利用無顯著相關；宗教信仰則與活動的喜愛利用無顯著相關。結論：經由本研究結果，可探究社區老人對健康促進活動的喜愛與利用型態為何，也以此給予相關衛生保健和社區相關單位建議，在活動的利用和設計上做為參考，針對不同族群的老人予以協助，對其不會利用的活動作一改善或提供完善的服務與補助。

關鍵字

老人；健康促進；休閒活動； Andersen健康服務行為模式

並列摘要

Objectives：Using Andersen’s Model to investigate the demand and utilization of health promotion activities for the community elderly and exploring its correlative factors. Method：From February to May, 2014, the sample is aged 65 or older to live in the community. Adopting purposive sampling and to agree interview face to face. The samples are 303. The survey method is visit by trained personnel who go to the elderly gathering places. For example, those places are just like the park, the temple, activity center, care places, etc. Every respondents spent about 20 to 30 minutes to answer the questions. The statistical method analysis is SPSS19.0. Result：The favorite and utilization of health promotion activities is significant with age, gender, education, marital status, living conditions, economic status, social function, health resources, transportation, morbidity of currently, self-rated health, self-assessment, psychological status and other factors. Hometown is significant with favorite activities, but no significant with the activity utilization. Religion is non-significant with both of the favorite and utilization activities. Conclusion：By the results of this study can explore what type of the health promotion activities with favorite and utilization for the community elderly, also in order to give some recommendations for the units of health care and community. It is to use and design activities as a reference on the different ethnic groups to assist the elderly. It is to make an improvement or to provide better services and benefits who will not be utilized in the event.