我的鎏銀歲月─中高齡智能障礙者老化經驗與未來生活期待

My Silver Years: Life Experience and Future Expectancy of Aging People with Intellectual Disability

葉庭嘉(Ting-Jia Yeh)

指導教授 ： 陳政智

高雄醫學大學/人文社會科學院/醫學社會學與社會工作學系碩士班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2015.00108

摘要

根據衛生福利部統計資料顯示台灣至2015年第一季止，已有超過兩成的智能障礙者已經面臨老化，目前中高齡智能障礙者的服務已經不再限於「有所養」，而是轉向去機構化及適性支持，以達到更好的生活品質服務。然而在評估其需求時，通常多以主要照顧者或專業服務人員的意見為主，卻未能獲取障礙者的主觀感受。因此本研究目的為透過訪談2位中高齡智能障礙者，了解其老化經驗及未來生活想望，分析影響老化經驗的背景因素，以做為相關專業服務人員規劃更貼近其需求的服務方案，也讓一般人對中高齡智能障礙者有更多認識。研究者在南部某身心障礙機構的服務對象中，挑選出目前由家中照顧，表達能力較佳，也願意接受訪談的2位45歲以上智能障礙者，選擇進行一對一的半結構式訪談。訪談結果將以敘事研究的架構呈現，先描繪智能障礙者的生命重大事件及未來生活想望，再利用文獻討論影響經驗形成的原因。研究發現可以將中高齡智能障礙者的老化經驗歸納成「健康狀況與醫療服務感受」、「教育學習上的嘗試與努力」、「對工作的認真負責和職場中的困難」、「人際支持和社會參與的期待」和「自主自決的機會有限」五大面向，在未來生活期待則是「繼續學習與就業的願望受到健康因素左右」、「享受且珍惜所有社會參與活動和人際關係」，而影響這樣老化經驗的原因，含括個人、家庭、社會文化及政策等因素。這些以正常化的角度來看，與一般老人的老化狀況及需求相似，但因過去經驗的關係也有不同之處。最後，針對研究結果就政策的理念與規劃和社會工作教育與實務面兩方面，提出相關建議。

關鍵字

中高齡智能障礙者 ； 老化經驗 ； 老年生活期待 ； 敘事研究

並列摘要

According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare statistics data, there are more than 20% of people with intellectual disability (ID) is already facing aging. Currently service is no longer limited to the "how to care ", but turned deinstitutionalization and appropriate support in order to achieve a better quality of life. However, we usually use the opinion of caregiver or professional to assess their needs, and ignore their subjective feelings. In this study, we explored through interviews with 2 ageing people with ID to understand the aging experience and life expectancy, and analyze what contextual factors impact aging experience, let professional get more understanding about ageing people with ID, and provide service much closer to their needs.
Researchers invited 2 people with ID, who at least 45 years old, cared by family, and better skills to communicate, to take a one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Through narrative research, describing their life experiences and future expectancy, and what factors impact on these experiences. Findings: There are five-oriented of life experience about ageing people with ID are: (a) feelings of health and medical service experience, (b) difficulties of education and learning, (c) work hard but workplace difficulties, (d) look forward to interpersonal support and opportunity for social participation, and (e) limited self-determination. And their future expectancy are "health condition block learning and employment “and "cherishing opportunity to keep friendship." The reasons cause these life experiences and future expectancy including personal, family, sociocultural and policy factors. In normalization perspective, the needs of ageing people with ID are similar to general elders, but the unique life experiences make some differences. Finally, researcher raise some suggestion about policy planning and social work practice.

並列關鍵字

ageing people with intellectual disability ； aging experience ； life expectancy ； narrative research

參考文獻

陳佩鈺、林杏足（2005）。淨土僧侶自我觀之敘事研究。輔導與諮商學報，27（2），1-32。

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective Well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575.

中文部分

中華社會福利聯合勸募協會（無日期）。台灣進入老年化社會，「智障家庭雙重老化」問題浮現檯面。取自：http://www.unitedway.org.tw/perspective/。

內政部統計處。取自：www.moi.gov.tw/stat/index.aspx。