透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.144.104.29
  • 學位論文

23價肺炎鏈球菌多醣體疫苗在75歲以上老人之成本效益分析

Cost-Benefit Analysis of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Elderly over 75 Years Old

指導教授 : 許弘毅

摘要


摘要 研究目的 肺炎鏈球菌常造成人類的嚴重疾病,甚至死亡,尤其是在老年人,因此建議老年人接種23價肺炎鏈球菌多醣體疫苗,以預防疾病。本研究針對75歲以上老人,分析該疫苗對老人疾病的影響、醫療耗用及醫療費用等成本效益分析。 研究方法 本研究採取回溯性分析,藉由國家衛生研究院全民健保資料庫所收集的次級資料,以2008年接種23價肺炎鏈球菌多醣體疫苗的75歲以上老人為主要研究樣本,以未接種疫苗者為對照組,追蹤接種疫苗後三年的疾病發生率、死亡率及醫療耗用(包括門診次數、住院次數、住院天數及醫療費用),利用回歸分析進行比較。為減少樣本取樣誤差對研究結果的影響,針對人口學特性、合併症嚴重度、流感疫苗接種與否、醫院層級及城鄉差距等,進行傾向分數配對,本研究採1:3配對。 研究結果 原始研究樣本共29,986人,經傾向分數配對後所得共13,008人,其中接種23價肺炎鏈球菌疫苗組3,252人,對照組9,756人,而接種疫苗組肺炎發生率一年減少26% (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64~0.86, P<0.001),三年減少10% (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81~0.99, P=0.026),侵襲性肺炎鏈球菌疾病發生率一年減少63% (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16~0.87, P=0.023),三年減少45% (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42~0.72, P<0.001)。接種疫苗者一年減少了51%因肺炎之住院率(Adjusted OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.36~0.67, P<0.001),三年減少了26%因肺炎之住院率(Adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64~0.85, P<0.001);接種疫苗者一年因侵襲性肺炎鏈球菌疾病之住院率減少了60% (Adjusted OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17~0.94, P<0.036),三年住院率減少了44% (Adjusted OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42~0.74, P<0.001)。但兩組別之間的總死亡率並無差異。 因肺炎而產生的醫療費用,接種疫苗組與未接種疫苗組比較,短期(一年)減少了2322元(95% CI -4076~-588, p=0.009),長期(三年)減少了14011.4元(95% CI -19974.8~-8048.0, P<0.001);所有疾病的總醫療費用,短期(一年)減少了13525.2元(95% CI -18,112.6~-8,937.9, p<0.001),長期減少了48332.2元(95% CI -61,408.0~-35,256.3, p<0.001)。接種23價肺炎鏈球菌疫苗之效益成本比(Benefit Cost Ratio, BCR),如果以肺炎之醫療費用為結果進行分析,短期(一年)效益成本比為2.34,長期(三年)效益成本比為14.04,以侵襲性肺炎鏈球菌疾病之醫療費用為結果進行分析,長期效益成本比為6.19,以全部醫療費用為結果進行分析,短期效益成本比為13.56,長期效益成本比為48.44。 結論與建議 本研究發現75歲以上老人,接種23價肺炎鏈球菌多醣體疫苗者,不論是肺炎和侵襲性肺炎鏈球菌疾病,短期(一年)及長期(三年),發生率及住院率均有顯著下降;因肺炎之住院天數及醫療耗用在短期(一年)及長期(三年)上均有顯著降低;因肺炎或所有病因醫療費用在短期及長期上,均有顯著減少,侵襲性肺炎鏈球菌疾病的平均住院天數及費用只在長期有顯著下降:同時在短期及長期效益,也有高成本效益比;因此建議75歲以上老人,接種23價肺炎鏈球菌多醣體疫苗者。以減少相關疾病的發生,長期而言,亦可降低醫療費用的支出,減少國家負擔。

並列摘要


Abstract Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in elderly induce serious diseases, mortality and a lot of cost. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended in elderly for preventing associated disease. The study purposed to assess the benefit of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in elderly over 75 years old. Methods: This was a retrospective study and data with the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). It included the elderly over 75 years old who received 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 2008 and assessed for three years. We analyzed the short-term (1-year) and long-term (3-year) risk of pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease, all-cause mortality, hospitalization and medical cost. In order to reduce the bias of sample selection, we use propensity score match (PSM) by 1:3 with adjustment for sex, age, morbidity disease, receipt of influenza vaccine or not, hospital visiting and residence. The association between pneumococcal vaccination and the outcome was evaluated by logistic regression. Results: During the study period, 13,008 persons were included after PSM, 3,252 persons’ receipt and 9756 persons’ non- receipt of pneumococcal vaccine. Receipt of the pneumococcal vaccine was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of 1-year pneumonia (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64~0.86, P<0.001), 3-year pneumonia (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81~0.99, p=0.026), 1-year invasive pneumococcus disease (IPD) (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16~0.87, p=0.023) and 3-year IPD (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42~0.72, P<0.001). The pneumococcal vaccine did not reduce the all-cause mortality. The hospitalization for pneumonia reduced by pneumococcal vaccine, 1-year (Adjusted OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.36~0.67, P<0.001), 3-year (Adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64~0.85, P<0.001)。The pneumococcal vaccine also reduced hospitalization of IPD, 1-year (Adjusted OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17~0.94, P<0.036), 3-year (Adjusted OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42~0.74, P<0.001). The pneumococcal vaccine has cost-benefit in medical cost and different in different outcomes. The benefit-cost ratio is 2.34 of 1-year pneumonia, 14.04 of 3-year pneumonia, 6.19 of 3 year IPD, 13.56 of 1-year all medical cost, 48.44 of 3-year all medical cost. Conclusions: These findings support the preventive effect of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against all-cause pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease, whether short-term or long-term in elderly over 75 years. The pneumococcal vaccine reduces the short-term and long-term medical cost of pneumonia and all-cause disease. The elderly over 75 years old should receive pneumococcal vaccine for disease prevention and medical cost

參考文獻


中文文獻
1. 李慶雲. (2005). 老年人接種肺炎鏈球菌疫苗的長期效益.
2. 林宣辰. (2011). 1997-2008 年台灣地區因細菌性肺炎住院之流行病學特徵及其影響. 成功大學公共衛生研究所學位論文, 1-82.
3. 沛兒7價肺炎鏈球菌疫苗仿單
4. 莊聖儀, 顏哲傑, 吳俊賢, 黃繼慶, 江春雪, 程筱雯, & 陳英彥. (2009). 台灣侵襲性肺炎鏈球菌感染症列為第四類法定傳染病後之監測狀況與流行病學分析. 疫情報導, 25(1), 3-17.

延伸閱讀