智能障礙者及其主要照顧者雙重老化的福利服務需求與使用情形之研究

台灣雙重老化智能障礙者家庭逐年攀升，家庭面臨主要照顧者的衰老與智能障礙者提早老化，而為對雙老家庭的福利服務需求及使用情形有一瞭解，因而本研究採用橫斷式量化研究，使用「中高齡智障者需求及服務模式之研究」進行二手資料分析雙重老化智能障礙者家庭。研究對象45歲以上智能障礙者且主要照顧者已滿65歲之家庭，有效樣本為162份。研究發現，智能障礙者多為男性（56.8%）、平均年齡52歲、未婚居多（77.8%）；主要照顧者與智能障礙者之關係，以「母親」居多（63.0%），平均年齡76歲、多為女性（72.2%）；福利服務以「福利服務諮詢」、「保費補助」、「居家護理、居家復健、居家營養諮詢」、及「交通服務」需求比例較高；使用障礙以「根本不知道有這樣的服務」為主；影響福利服務需求之因素「智能障礙者年齡」、「智能障礙者教育」、「與智能障礙者之關係」、「照顧者性別」、「照顧者年齡」、「照顧者工作」、「智能障礙者自覺健康狀況」、「就醫狀況」、「照顧者自覺健康狀況」、「居住地區」與「經濟來源」，以「前傾因素」最具效力。故在建議部分，應重視雙老家庭之相關需求、改善服務宣導與接受資訊之方式、主動提供服務及關懷雙重老化智能障礙者家庭及增設身心障礙者高齡特別門診及衛教諮詢服務。

關鍵字

雙重老化家庭；資源使用；福利服務使用障礙

並列摘要

The numbers of two generation elderly families has been increasing year after year. Most families face caregivers’ aging and premature of intellectual disabled. Since to understand requirements of welfares and services for two generation elderly families and current status of applications, this study took cross-sectional quantitative research method and processed secondary data analysis for two generation elderly families on a study named "Study of Requirements and Service Modes for Middle- and Old-aged Intellectual Disabled Groups". For subjects aged over 45 years old and whose caregivers had achieved 65 years old, there were 162 effective samples. Our study found that most intellectual disabled were male (56.8%) with ages averagely 52 years old (63.0%), and unmarried (77.8%). Relations between major caregivers and intellectual disabled were mostly mother (63.0%) who averagely aged at 76 and female. Welfares and services focused on "inquires for welfares and services", "subsidies of insurance premium", "home cares, home rehabilitation, home nutrition inquires" and "transportation services"; barriers on using mostly were" I did not know there was any service like this"; factors which affected requirements of welfares and services were "ages of intellectual disabled", "educations for intellectual disabled", "relations with intellectual disabled", "genders of caregivers", "ages of caregivers", "job status of caregivers", "self-deemed health status of intellectual disabled", "medical treatment status", "self-deemed health status of caregivers", "residences" and "economic resources". The "predisposing factors" was the most effective one. Therefore, we suggested it should pay more attentions on relevant requirements, announcements to improve services and ways of receiving information for two generation elderly families. And it should actively provide services, to care more about two generation elderly families and increase special out-patient clinics and health education consulting services for physical & intellectual disabled.