- 學位論文
瑜珈對心臟自主神經調控及壓力反應影響之探討
Effects of yoga practice on cardiac autonomic control and stress response
摘要
背景: 心理壓力被認為跟心血管疾病的發生有關，也有研究指出，心血管系統有過度的壓力反應者，罹患高血壓的可能性較高。過去的研究發現單次有氧運動可以降低實驗參與者在壓力情境中的心血管反應，長期的有氧運動訓練也被證實可減少心血管系統的壓力反應，然而過去的研究多以有氧運動的介入為主，其他類型的運動，如瑜珈對於心血管系統壓力反應的影響，則鮮少被探討。近年來許多研究發現瑜珈具有緩解壓力及許多和壓力相關疾病的效果，然而，瑜珈的練習是否能影響心血管系統的壓力反應以及心臟的自主神經調控，目前仍是未知。 目的: 本研究之目的為探討單次瑜珈對心跳及心臟自主神經調控及壓力反應之影響。 方法: 實驗受試者以隨機的順序，分別置入單次瑜珈練習、單次有氧運動與控制情境，之後接受Stroop測驗與數學心算的壓力刺激，過程中測量心電圖及分析心率變異度(HRV)，以探討單次瑜珈練習對於心跳及心臟自主神經系統壓力反應的影響。 結果: 本實驗共有32位受試者完成實驗 (平均年齡 24.75±4.10)，踩腳踏車情境中之心跳顯著高於瑜珈及看影片，瑜珈情境中之心跳也顯著高於看影片；心理壓力介入中及腳踏車之心跳顯著高於瑜珈及看影片，瑜珈與看影片之心跳在心理壓力介入中則無顯著差異。HRV的部分，看影片情境中的低頻(LF)顯著低於騎腳踏車，其他時間點的LF在三種情境間則無顯著差別。瑜珈及看影片情境中的高頻(HF)顯著高於腳踏車，影片情境時的HF也顯著高於瑜伽介入；壓力介入中看影片的HF顯著高於腳踏車；LF/HF在瑜珈及看影片情境中均顯著低於腳踏車，心理壓力介入時，三種情境的LF/HF則無顯著的差異。 結論: 本研究結果顯示部分時間點HRV在三種情境之間並無顯著差異，顯示單次瑜珈練習對減少心理壓力反應的效果不明顯，推測可能是由於一般健康成人HRV的壓力反應沒有特別的異常，因此難以在不同的情境中顯現出差別，未來可針對心血管系統易有過度壓力反應的族群做進一步的研究，以了解單次瑜珈練習對心跳及心率變異度的心理壓力反應的影響。
並列摘要
Background：Psychological stress has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease development. Previous research indicated that individuals with exaggerated cardiovascular response to stress had increased risk for hypertension. A number of studies have shown that participants had a reduced cardiovascular reactivity to stress after an acute bout of aerobic exercise. While most studies have investigated the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular reactivity, the effects of other types of exercise, such as yoga, are undetermined. Purpose：To examine the effects of acute yoga practice on heart rate (HR) and cardiac autonomic control during rest and mental stress. Methods：32 participants (mean age 24.75±4.10) were included in this study and completed three sessions (yoga, stationary biking SB, and video watching VW) in randomly assigned order. After each condition, participants underwent a Stroop task and mental arithmetic task, which serve as stressors. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was measured and heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed to examine the effects of acute yoga practice on HR and HRV during rest and mental stress. Results： HR during SB condition was significantly higher than yoga and VW. HR during yoga condition was also significantly higher than VW. HR during mental stress was significantly higher after SB condition than after yoga and VW conditions. There was no significant difference in HR during mental stress after yoga and VW conditions. For HRV, low-frequency (LF) during SB was significantly higher than VW. There was no significant difference in LF at other time points. High-frequency (HF) during SB was significantly lower than yoga and VW. HF during mental stress was significantly lower after SB than after VW. LF/HF during SB was significantly higher than yoga and VW. There was no significant difference in LF/HF during mental stress after the three conditions. Conclusions：The results showed that HRV during mental stress was not significantly different between the three conditions, suggesting that acute yoga practice was not effective in reducing cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. Since participants recruited for this study were healthy adults who did not have exaggerated HRV responses to stress, it may be difficult to see any significant change in HRV response after one bout of yoga in this population. Future studies may consider investigating individuals demonstrating exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to further examine the effect of acute yoga practice on HR and HRV responses to mental stress.