彰化縣高齡者佩戴活動假牙裝置與口腔健康相關生活品質調查研究

研究背景：彰化縣人口的高齡化，使年長者缺牙的情況日益普遍。裝置活動假牙可以改善美觀與恢復口腔咀嚼功能，但因裝置假牙費用不低，讓部份長者選擇缺牙而造成咀嚼食物困難、影響正常飲食、無法吸收營養，進而造成身體不健康。研究目的：本研究主旨在了解彰化縣高齡者佩戴活動假牙裝置的滿意度情形，與口腔健康相關生活品質之關聯性。研究方法：研究樣本是彰化縣65歲以上長者自費裝置活動假牙，及申請補助65歲以上老人中低收入戶裝置活動假牙為對象。以問卷訪談及郵寄問卷方式收案，分析基本資料社會人口學如性別、年齡、教育程度、經濟狀況、居住型態、口腔清潔保健行為，口腔照護政策與認知滿意度，以口腔健康衝擊質量表(Oral Health Impact Profile-14，OHIP-14)問卷，為評估活動假牙裝置自覺口腔狀況與滿意度，收集資料經由SPSS19套裝軟體進行建檔分析，描述統計方法包括次數分配與百分比、平均值、與標準差推論統計之獨立樣本t-檢定、單因子變異數分析。結果：彰化縣22鄉鎮65歲以上長者佩戴活動假牙裝置，研究樣本共361位，男性174位,女性187位，平均年齡為73歲，經由統計結果發現，配戴全口活動假牙佔25.48%，上顎活動假牙佔19.11% ，下顎活動假牙佔14.96%，部分活動假牙佔17.45%，上顎併下顎活動假牙佔22.99%。配戴活動假牙20年以上佔14.70%，15年以上佔13.30%，10年以上佔15.80%，6 - 9年以上佔23.80%，1 - 5年以上佔27.40%。平均配戴活動假牙9.14年。未曾換過活動假牙佔62.00%、曾換過活動假牙一次佔29.90%。配戴活動假牙裝置政策滿意度為44.88%。居住型態與子女同住佔65.4%，教育程度沒上過學不識字佔31.9%，主要收入來源敬老年金或敬老津貼佔63.7%，收入可以應付生活所需稍嫌不足46%，口腔清潔行為潔牙頻率一天二次佔35.7%行為，牙刷清洗(使用牙膏) 佔54%，使用假牙清潔錠浸泡佔7.5%，使用假牙清潔錠次數一天一次佔13%，從未使用過佔54%，就醫行為沒有定期看牙習慣佔82.3%，牙痛時會固定到醫院(診所)接受治療佔62%，生活品質量表(OHIP 14)與教育程度則沒有顯著差異影響。活動假牙裝置提升生活品質佔53.8%。結論: 彰化縣高齡者因為佩戴活動假牙裝置，增加咀嚼進食的功能，攝取營養，維持良好口腔健康，不會影響生活品質。因活動假牙裝置使用年限太長，在口腔保健行為中，如能改善定期就診行為，使高齡者配戴活動假牙時，增進咀嚼功能，維持良好口腔保健。若將此老人政策福利，擴展至全彰化縣高齡者，因應高齡化社會，使老人維持尊嚴和自主生活。

關鍵字

口腔健康生活品質；活動假牙；老年人； OHIP 14

並列摘要

Background: Changhua County, population aging, making older people increasingly common case of missing teeth. Device dentures can improve appearance and restore chewing function, but the device is not low cost dentures, so choose some elderly edentulous causing difficulty in chewing food, affecting the normal diet, unable to absorb nutrients, thus resulting in poor health. Objective: This study aims to understand the Changhua County elderly denture wearer satisfaction circumstances devices, and oral health-related quality of life relevance. Methods: The study samples were 65 years of age or elderly, Changhua County pocket device dentures, and apply for grants over the age of 65 low-income households in the targeted device dentures. Interviews and questionnaires mailed questionnaires to close the case, the analysis of basic demographic information such as gender, age, education level, economic status, residential patterns, behavior oral hygiene care, oral care policy and cognitive satisfaction with oral health-related quality of life scale (Oral Health Impact Profile-14, OHIP-14) questionnaire for the assessment of oral conscious dentures device status and satisfaction, gather information, conduct analyzes filing describes statistical methods including the number and percentage distribution packages via SPSS19 average , t-test, one-way ANOVA and independent sample standard deviation statistical inference. Results: Changhua County, 22 towns elders aged 65 or above means wearing dentures , the study sample of 361 male 174 , female 187 , with an average age of 73 years , through the statistical results found wearing full mouth dentures accounted for 25.48% , the upper row dentures accounted for 19.11% , the lower activity accounted for 14.96% of dentures , partial dentures accounted for 17.45% , the upper and lower row of dentures accounted for 22.99% . Denture wearers accounted for 14.70 percent over 20 years , accounting for more than 15 years 13.30% , accounting for 15.80 percent over 10 years , 6 - 9 years accounted for 23.80% over 1 – 5 years accounted for 27.40 % percent over five years . 9.14 years average wear dentures . Never changed his dentures accounted for 62.00% , had changed his dentures once accounted for 29.90% . Wearing dentures device policy satisfaction 44.88% . Type of residence (65.4%) live with their children , educated uneducated illiterate accounted for 31.9% , the main source of income senior citizen annuity or subsidies for the elderly accounted for 63.7% of revenue to cope with the necessities of life is a bit less than 46 % of oral hygiene behavior cleaning teeth twice a day 35.7% frequency behavior , toothbrush cleaning ( using toothpaste ) accounted for 54% , the use of denture cleaning tablets soaked (7.5%) , the use of denture cleaning tablets once a day times 13% , 54% never used , for medical treatment conduct no regular dental habits accounted for 82.3% , will be fixed to the hospital ( clinic ) when toothache treatment accounted for 62 % quality of life scale (OHIP 14) with no significant difference in educational attainment influence . Dentures mean to improve the quality of life (53.8%) . Conclusion: Changhua County elderly because wearing dentures devices, increased eating chewing function, nutrition to maintain good oral health, will not affect the quality of life. Because dentures fitted set long service life, in oral health behaviors, such as regular visits can improve behavior, so that high when age who wear dentures, enhance chewing function, maintaining good oral health. If this old people policy benefits, extended to the whole changhua county elderly, in response to an aging society, the elderly maintain dignity and autonomy of life.