工業及宜蘭地區地下水暴露之人體砷代謝型態研究

A study of arsenic metabolism patterns in humans exposed from sources of Industry and undergrand water of I-lan

廖志偉(Chih-Wei Liao)

指導教授 ： 蔡錦蓮

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/職業安全衛生研究所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

砷化合物在工業製程及應用上擔任極重要的角色，但其危害也是不容忽視的。砷主要乃經由吸入、食入等暴露途徑進入人體，而其物種型態及暴露途徑之不同，其尿中砷物種代謝型態，亦會有所不同。本研究目的乃在比較工業暴露者與飲水暴露者之尿中砷物種代謝型態的差異，以提供工業安全衛生管理之參考。

本研究為收集工業暴露者與飲水暴露者之尿液，進行尿中砷物種代謝產物分析。樣本經處理後，以高效率液相層析儀(HPLC)與氫化法原子吸收光譜儀(HG-AAS)，測定尿中砷物種代謝型態。為探討工業與飲水暴露者之尿中砷物種代謝型態的分布及變化情形，本研究以分層分析及統計檢定，來檢測不同暴露方式之尿中砷物種。

結果顯示，在砷物種代謝產物總量分析，工業暴露者三價砷(As3+)大於五價砷(As5+)，飲水暴露者之五價砷(As5+)大於三價砷(As3+)，二者之二甲基砷酸(DMA)均大於一甲基砷酸(MMA)。在砷物種代謝型態，無機砷百分比、一甲基砷酸鹽百分比、一甲基砷酸鹽對二甲基砷酸鹽之比值(MMA/DMA)，均為飲水暴露者大於工業暴露者；但二甲基砷酸鹽百分比，則為工業暴露者大於飲水暴露者，顯現其代謝型態之差異。

本研究發現不同暴露途徑之無機砷代謝型態有明顯差異，而其生物危害指標，亦顯示對健康效應影響不同；過去無機砷之風險評估模式，並未考慮代謝能力之差異，本研究值得未來在制定工業安全衛生標準時參考。

關鍵字

飲水暴露 ； 工業暴露 ； 砷物種分析 ； 工業安全衛生

並列摘要

The arsenic compounds were a ubiquitous element found in various sectors such as industry manufacturing process and related applications, however risk of health effects of arsenic compounds were an existing problem hard to ignore. There were many possible routes of arsenic exposure, the frequently mentioned were inhalation and ingestion. Different route of exposure can derive to different pattern of arsenic metabolism, while industrial exposure and environmental exposure from drinking water were anticipated with different results and safety.

This research collected spot urine from people exposed through industrial and drinking water sources. The urine samples were analyzed with HPLC and HG-AAS for arsenic species, which were metabolized from exposed body into urine. Both stratified analysis and statistical methods were applied to differentiate arsenic metabolism patterns between people from industrial and drinking water exposures.

The data have shown that the total amount of urinary arsenic metabolism on arsenite (As3+) were larger than arsenate(As5+) in industrial exposures while a reverse observation was made in drinking water exposures. A larger amount of dimethylarsinics acid(DMA) was found in both exposure sources than that of monomethylarsinics acid(MMA). For the metabolism pattern of arsenic species, the percentage of inorganic arsenic, the percentage of MMA, and the ratio of MMA to DMA, drinking-water exposure was larger than industrial exposure. However, the percentage of DMA was larger in industrial exposure than that of drinking-water exposure.

The study has found that different routes of arsenic exposure resulted in different pattern of urinary arsenic metabolism patterns while the biohazard markers of inorganic arsenic were found to be different, which gives implications for different risk of adverse effects in the future. The previous studies on risk analysis of inorganic arsenic exposure were rarely taking metabolism patterns into accounts. The findings in this thesis deserve for further consideration in policy making of industrial safety and health. ability, so this research to establish the standard for industrial safety and health in further.

並列關鍵字

industrial exposures ； arsenic speciation ； industrial safety and health ； drinking-water exposures

參考文獻

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