原住民老人參與日托活動情形對其生活滿意度之影響

研究背景與目的：在台東縣原住民部落中，因青壯人口大量外流，於都市就業發展，造成對老人與小孩的照護資源出現缺口，而老人日托活動的設立模式，期能幫助老人延長獨立自主時間，提升晚年缺乏照護的品質，但目前尚無針對日托活動對老人生活品質提升之成效評估，故針對台東縣原住民老人參與日托活動，對其生活滿意度之影響作一初步性探討。研究方法：本研究為參與和非參與日托的對照研究方式。利用「原住民老人參與日托活動與生活滿意度調查問卷」，為研究工具以收集原住民老人參與日托與否對生活滿意度之影響。問卷內容包括基本資料、參與日托活動量表，以及生活滿意度量表三部份。針對台東縣某基金會所設立的12個老人日托站之參與者與非參與者，年滿55歲以上之原住民老人進行問卷調查研究。每站參加者調查20位，願意接受問卷調查且為有效問卷共有130份；同時對各站附近老人20位進行調查，願意接受問卷調查且為有效問卷共146份。研究結果： 1. 參與日托活動的原住民老人其生活滿意度高於未參加日托活動。 2. 參與日托活動的原住民老人在行動能力與自覺健康狀況方面對參與頻率有顯著差異。在政府或社會補助及自覺健康方面對參與態度上有顯著差異。但各項人口特質與自覺健康等對參與成效方面沒有顯著差異。 3. 參與日托活動的原住民老人其生活滿意度，不會因其參與頻率之不同，而有所差異。 4. 參與日托活動的原住民老人其生活滿意度，會因其參與態度之不同而有所差異。同時經事後比較發現，參加日托活動的原住民老人，其生活滿意度，以樂於參加的態度高於有空時就參與和勉強參與的。而有空時就參與的生活滿意度高於勉強參與者。 5. 參與日托活動的原住民老人其生活滿意度，會因其參與自覺成效之不同而有所差異。同時經事後比較發現，參加日托活動的原住民老人其生活滿意度，以自覺對自己有幫助的高於自覺普通和幫助不大者；而自覺成效普通者之生活滿意度高於自覺沒有幫助者。 6. 是否參與日托活動及婚姻狀況二項為影響原住民老人生活滿意度主要的預測變項。在控制了人口特質與健康狀況等變項後參與日托活動比沒參與的生活滿意度會增加14.378分，有配偶者其生活滿意度高於無配偶者6.52分。 7. 和同年齡比健康狀況、政府社會補助及參與成效三項為影響參與日托原住民老人生活滿意度主要的預測變項。在控制了政府社會補助、參與成效等變項後，自覺健康比同年齡較好的生活滿意度比上健康情形相同或較差者高0.319分。無政府或社會補助者其生活滿意度分數高於領補助者0.232分；自覺成效有幫助者高於普通和沒有幫助者0.233分。結論與建議： 1. 參與日托活動之原住民老人較未參與日托活動之原住民老人擁有較高的生活滿意度，同時對其生活滿意度也具有顯著預測力。除參與日托外，自覺健康狀況是影響原住民老人獲得較高生活滿意重要預測因素之一。所以日托活動的設立可提高老人生活滿意度。 2. 建議政府在各原住民部落裡採用此日托模式，同時結合行政院『台灣健康社區六星推動方案』，建立一完整照護網絡，以提升原住民老人之生活品質。 3. 以高滿意度及健康成效訴求邀請未參與日托活動之老人參加，以提升生活滿意度。

關鍵字

原住民老人；日托活動；生活滿意度

並列摘要

Objective: Amongst the Aboriginal villages in Tai-tung County, it is common for the young people to leave home in search for jobs in the big cities, and as a result there is a lack of resources for the care of the children and the elderly in the villages. The purpose of setting up the elderly day-care centres was to help the elderly to extend the time of independence, and thereby improving the quality of care during their late years. To date, there has been no research into the impact of the day-care centres on the eldery’s quality of life, and this novice research is focusing on the elderly’s participation in the day-care centres and assessing its impact on the quality of life. Methods: This research uses comparative questionnaire as the tool to assess the impact of participation/ non-participitation in the day-care centre on the quality of life. The questionnaire consists of basic demographic details, day-care participation chart and quality of life chart. The questionnaires were distributed amongst the Aboriginal people over 55 years of age where the 12 day-centres were set up by a particular foundation in Tai-tung. 20 day-care participants from each centre and 20 non day-care participants who live nearby the centres were given the questionnaire. There were a total of 130 day-care participants and 146 non day-care participants who completed the questionnaires. Results: 1. The participants had higher satisfaction levels of quality of life compared with the non-participants. 2. Participant’s mobility and self-rated health status had a statistical significance impact on the frequency of participation. Receiving government/ social pension and self-rated health status also had a statistical significant impact on the attitudes towards participation. Demographic details and self-rated health status had no statistical significant impact on the outcomes of participation. 3. The frequencies of participation in the day-care centre did not influence the quality of life appraisal.. 4. The attitudes toward participation affected the satisfaction levels of quality of life. The regular participants had higher satisfaction levels compared with the occasional or involuntary participants; and the occasional participants had higher satisfaction levels compared with the involuntary participants. 5. The participants’ satisfaction levels of quality of life varied with the self-appraised outcomes of day-care participation. Those who thought day-care participation helpful to their lives had higher satisfaction levels compared with those who thought day-care participation so-so or non-helpful; and those who thought day-care participation so-so had higher satisfaction levels compared with those who thought day-care non-helpful. 6. The most important predictive variables for higher satisfaction levels were the day-care participation and marital status. After controlling personal characteristics, health status, and other variables, the day-care participants had 14.378 points higher than the non-participants. The married had 6.52 points higher than the widowed. 7. Among the same age range, the health status, governmental and social subsidiary, and participation outcomes are the major predictive variables for satisfaction levels. After controlling governmental/ social subsidiary and participation outcomes, those who thought they were healthier than their peers have 0.319 points higher satisfaction levels than those who thought they were as healthy as or less healthy than their peers. Those without government/social subsidiary had 0.232 points higher satisfaction levels than those without subsidiary. Those who thought the day-care participation helpful had 0.233 points higher than those who thought the day-care participation non-helpful. Conclusion: 1. Other than participation in day-care centre, self-rated health status is also another predictor in the quality of life. Therefore it can be concluded that setting up of day-care centre had increased elderlys’ life satisfaction. 2. Recommendation can be made to the government to set up such day-care centre model in every Aboriginal village, at the same time combining the Executive Yuan’s healthy community plan, to establish a complete care network, in order to raise the life quality of Aboriginal elderly. 3. The elderly should be invited to participate in day-care centre to achieve higher life satisfaction and health benefits, and therefore life quality.