二甲基矽油對於丙烯睛-丁二烯-苯乙烯合成樹脂特性改質之研究與探討

丙烯睛-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）樹脂在商業上是一種極為廣泛使用的可塑性非結晶材料，雖然具有良好的綜合性能，但其本身的耐熱、耐候、耐磨性差等缺陷限制了其進一步應用，一直以來對於ABS進行改質的研究不勝枚舉，但效能多為提升單一、二種性能。二甲基矽油（Dimethyl silicone oil）具有優良耐熱、耐候、耐化學藥品等特殊性能。在塑膠工業上一般多當作塑膠的離型劑（Mould release agent）使用，可使塑膠的脫模性變佳。本文研究藉由二甲基矽油的特殊性能作為改質劑，在實驗中將丁二烯橡膠粉、丙烯睛-苯乙烯共聚物與二甲基矽油通過210℃高溫共混押出，將二甲基矽油引入ABS樹脂中，經實驗發現，ABS樹脂的衝擊性（Impact）與延伸率（Elongation）大幅度提升30%以上。由TEM照片顯示，未加入二甲基矽油的ABS樹脂，其結構內的橡膠呈現瘦長形狀且以特定方向排列，加入二甲基矽油的ABS樹脂，結構內的橡膠則呈現半圓形。續將二甲基矽油分別以0﹪、0.05%、0.1﹪、0.2﹪、0.3﹪不同比例的添加量加入至ABS合成樹脂中，實驗發現僅加入0.05% 矽油時，即可使得ABS樹脂的衝擊性能增加20%，加入0.2% 矽油時，ABS樹脂的明亮性質呈現增加的變化趨勢。另外將甲基苯基矽油對於ABS樹脂之影響進行比較，實驗發現加入二甲基矽油的ABS衝擊性能較高，顯示二甲基矽油對於ABS的增韌效果較好，加入甲基苯基矽油的ABS耐熱性能較佳，顯示甲基苯基矽油對於ABS的熱穩定性較優良。

關鍵字

衝擊性；二甲基矽油；甲基苯基矽油

並列摘要

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin is widly used in commerical as thermoplastic.It has several attractive properties，However，ABS has certain limitations，e.g.,low thermal stability，poor weather resistance. Though the extensive research has been tried to overcome these disadvantages. However，the improvement is limiled. Dimethyl silicone oil has a good heat-resisting，weather resisting，anti- chemical property，that has been used as the mould release agent in plastic industries. In the experiment，the butadiene rubber , acrylonitrile- styrene copolymers and dimethyl silicone oil at 210 ℃ by twin screw extruder，The results showed that the impact and elongation increase 30%，compared to the ABS resin without adding dimethyl silicone oil，We also found that TEM morphology change with the addition of dimethyl silicone oil. In another experiment，the variation of concentrations of dimethyl silicone oil from 0﹪to 0.3﹪are added into ABS resin，The results showed that the impact and optical properties of ABS are improved with the increase of dimethyl silicone oil. Comparing the addition between dimethyl silicone oil and methyl benzyl silicone oil into ABS，We found that the impact is superior to that of ABS when adding dimethyl silicone oil ；the thermal stability is superior to that of ABS when adding methyl benzyl silicone oil.