- 學位論文
青少年自殺危險因子之檢視:整合分析
Examining Risk Facyors in Adolescent Suicide: A Meta-Analysis
摘要
青少年自殺危險因子研究是各備受矚目之議題，但各研究所呈現之危險因子與自殺行為間的關係常有不一致存在，所以本研究採用整合分析技術，國內收集2005年6月以前關於青少年自殺議題之期刊論文與博碩士論文僅28篇；國外則僅收集1995至2005年6月，來自「PsycInfo」、「SocioFile」等資料庫之期刊文獻共167篇；總共195篇研究文獻進行分析。由於自殺是複雜、多元層面的行為，而造成自殺的因素不是單一的，而是多向度因素互動所致，本研究將自殺行為分為：自殺意念、自殺企圖、自殺完成、自殺危險性，而危險因子則分為：整體傷害史、心理疾患、情緒、認知、行為、人格特質、家庭結構、家庭功能、整體學校問題、壓力與社會支持等向度。藉此，以通盤地瞭解青年自殺與不同危險因子向度間的關連程度，並探討有哪些人口學變項與研究特徵變項為此關連性中可能的異質性來源。 研究結果顯示：（1）青少年自殺與不同危險因子向度間皆有顯著關連性存在，但其中的關連性相當多變，由高效果量到低效果量皆有，以情緒、認知、人格特質向度與青少年自殺間的關連性居前三名。（2）不同自殺行為類型與不同危險因子向度間有不同程度的關連性存在，但情緒向度皆與不同自殺行為類型有相當高的關連性存在。（3）性別、年齡等人口學變項，以及樣本類型、研究品質、研究類型與發表年代等研究特徵變項，皆是青少年自殺與危險因子向度間關連性的異質性來源，且在各自關連性中有其特異性。 對於青少年自殺危險因子的探索已經相當足夠，未來研究應著重在多元危險因子與自殺行為間關連模型的建立，朝整合多個理論觀點的折衷之道前進，而不再只以單一理論為基礎，拘泥在某些向度的危險因子進行探討，如此，才可對青少年自殺有更深入與全面的瞭解。
並列摘要
The investigation on risk factors for adolescent suicide is a hot issue. However, the relationships between adolescent suicide and risk factors in many original studies are often inconsistent. In this study, the researcher adopts meta-analysis techniques to analyze 195 journal articles, theses, and dissertations on adolescent suicide issues. Of these reviewed materials, 167 journal articles published abroad between January 1995 and June 2005 are retrieved from PsycInfo and SocioFile computerized databases. Only twenty-eight journal articles, theses, and dissertations written by Taiwanese researchers before June 2005 are retrieved. Suicidal behaviors, complex and multi-faceted, are caused by the interactions between various kinds of risk factors. Both suicidal behaviors and associated risk factors are categorized into different types. Suicidal behaviors are categorized into four types: suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, suicidal completion and suicidal risk. As for risk factors, they are categorized into eleven types: injury history, mental illness, affect, cognition, behavior, personality trait, family structure, family function, school problem, stress, and social support. Thus, an overall understanding of the degree of relationship between different types of suicidal behaviors and risk factors can be obtained. The demographic and study characteristic variables which are potential sources of heterogeneity of study results in original studies are also investigated. There are some major findings. First, the relationships between adolescent suicide and different types of risk factors are significant, but the degrees of relationship are rather varied, ranging from small to large effect sizes. The three most significant types of risk factors associated with adolescent suicide are affect, cognition, and personality trait. Second, distinct degrees of relationship exist in different types of suicidal behaviors and risk factors, and the affective risk factors have strong relationships with all types of suicidal behaviors. Third, demographic variables, such as gender and age, and study characteristics, such as type of sample, quality of study, type of research design and year of publication, are the sources of variation in the relationships between adolescent suicide and risk factors, and are respectively different in these relationships as well. The cumulative studies on examining the risk factors in adolescent suicide have been sufficient. To gain a more in depth and comprehensive understanding of adolescent suicidal behaviors, future researchers should not restrict to certain types of risk factors based on a single theory. Future efforts should aim at building models of relationships between multiple risk factors and adolescent suicide and developing an eclectic approach to integrating various theoretical perspectives.