上肢震動結合肌力訓練對神經肌肉系統的影響以及生理機制之探討

Effect of vibration combined muscle strengthening training in upper extremity in neuromuscular system and physiologic mechanisms

鄭茗軒(Ming-Hsuan Cheng)

指導教授 ： 林槐庭

高雄醫學大學/醫學院/運動醫學系碩士班/碩士(2017年)

摘要

上肢肌力訓練最常見的方法就是伏地挺身，藉由上肢支撐身體體重而且不需要任何器材就可以訓練上肢肌肉。隨著科技的進步，現在做訓練的時候會額外給予震動刺激，震動刺激主要刺激肌肉內肌梭，藉此增進神經傳導效率以及增加運動單元徵招數目以增進肌力表現(Falempin & In-Albon, 1999)，因此本篇研究目的是比較有無震動刺激對八週上肢肌力訓練的影響，受試者每週訓練三次，實驗組接受伏地挺身同時震動的訓練，控制組則是做伏地挺身，但沒有結合震動訓練。伏地挺身則是先由改良式逐週改為一般姿勢皆受訓練，受試者20位。依照前測的肌力值大小平均分配到震動組或控制組。本研究會比較肱二、三頭肌最大肌力、主動與被動本體感覺位置覺、訓練期肌電活化情況、正中神經傳導速度、運動單元放電頻率、協調控制能力以及休息時BDNF濃度在訓練前後的差異。研究結果發現，訓練時所誘發肱三頭肌的肌電活化顯著大於肱二頭肌，伏地挺身一般姿勢肌電活化顯著大於改良姿勢，震動組的肌電活化情形稍為大於控制組，但是沒有統計上顯著差異。兩組經過訓練後肌力、正中神經傳導速度、運動單元放電頻率、協調控制能力都沒有差異。震動組在本體感覺上顯著變好，休息時BDNF濃度沒有差異。控制組在本體感覺上沒有顯著差異，休息時BDNF濃度卻顯著降低。根據本研究的結果建議要使用伏地挺身當作運動訓練，可以根據肌電活化情形進行調整，強度由低到高是跪姿靜態、跪姿動態、一般姿靜態、一般姿動態，要增加本體感覺可以在運動訓練時額外給予震動刺激。

關鍵字

震動訓練 ； 伏地挺身 ； 本體感覺 ； 運動單元放電頻率 ； 腦源性神經營養因子

並列摘要

Push up is one of the most common methods for upper limb strengthening which used upper limb to support the whole body and can be performed without equipment. With the development of science and technology, some might add vibration stimulation into trainings. The vibration could stimulate the muscle spindle and enhance the efficiency of motor nerve conduction and increasing numbers of motor unit recruited during muscle contractions. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks push up combine vibration training in upper limb’s muscle strength and neuromuscular system. There were 20 subjects evenly distributed to the vibration group or control group based on their muscle strength pre-test. All subjects conducted push up training three times a week. The vibration group performed training on the vibration platform, while the control group performed push up exercise without vibration stimulation. The training posture of push up was adjusted from modified to normal posture gradually. The testing parameters including biceps and triceps brachii’s muscle strength, motor units firing rate, control and coordinating ability active and passive proprioception position sense muscles activations during training, median nerve conduction velocity, and the resting BDNF level. This study compared the differences between the parameters before and after training, and investigated muscle activation during different training stages. The results showed that the muscle activation of triceps during training was significantly higher than biceps, and the muscles activations in general push up posture were significantly higher than in modified posture. There was no significant difference in median nerve conduction velocity, motor units firing rate, and coordination ability after training in both groups. After training, the proprioception was improved in vibration group, however this result was not found in control group. The reducing of resting BDNF level was only found in control group. This study suggested when applying push up as exercise training, it can change its exercise intensity by adjusting the posture. Moreover, performing push up with vibration stimulation could further improve proprioception.

並列關鍵字

vibration training ； push up ； proprioception ； motor units firing rate ； BDNF

參考文獻

Aaboe, J., Henriksen, M., Christensen, R., Bliddal, H., & Lund, H. (2009). Effect of whole body vibration exercise on muscle strength and proprioception in females with knee osteoarthritis. The Knee, 16(4), 256-261.

Aagaard, P., Simonsen, E. B., Andersen, J. L., Magnusson, P., & Dyhre-Poulsen, P. (2002). Neural adaptation to resistance training: changes in evoked V-wave and H-reflex responses. Journal of Applied Physiology, 92(6), 2309-2318.

Adam, A., & De Luca, C. J. (2003). Recruitment order of motor units in human vastus lateralis muscle is maintained during fatiguing contractions. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90(5), 2919-2927.

Anlar, B., Sullivan, K. A., & Feldman, E. L. (1998). Insulin-like growth factor-I and central nervous system development. Hormone and metabolic research= Hormon-und Stoffwechselforschung= Hormones et metabolisme, 31(2-3), 120-125.

Artero, E., Espada-Fuentes, J., Argüelles-Cienfuegos, J., Román, A., Gómez-López, P., & Gutiérrez, A. (2012). Effects of whole-body vibration and resistance training on knee extensors muscular performance. European journal of applied physiology, 112(4), 1371-1378.