廣彩外銷瓷研究

A Study of Canton Export Porcelain

黃聖芝(Sheng-Chih Huang)

指導教授 ： 莊素娥

國立臺北藝術大學/美術學院學術論文/美術學系碩士班美術史組/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2014.00050

摘要

中國外銷瓷到了清代發展出精緻多樣化的釉上彩瓷，除了從江西景德鎮生產，也有一部份在廣州加彩，稱為廣彩。廣州因政治與地理條件的優勢，成為中國對外唯一的貿易口岸，專為西方市場加工的彩繪瓷器座坊紛紛林立。根據中西方文獻檔案的記載，廣彩外銷瓷輸出數量龐大，種類繁多，且包含相當多訂制瓷。然而，關於廣彩外銷瓷的史料非常有限，學界對廣彩的研究也尚在起步的階段，仍有許多相關的議題未被討論。究竟何為廣彩？它為何出現？何時出現？其風格脈絡與歷史脈絡又如何發展？論文中整理有關廣彩的中西方文獻，呈現十八、十九世紀廣州的瓷器貿易概況，瞭解廣彩與商業的關係。其次，藉由晚期的廣彩典型風格分析，確認部分廣彩早期的風格樣貌，進而發現廣彩與景德鎮外銷瓷以及廣東畫琺瑯之間的關連性與差異，提出在西洋畫琺瑯技術轉化至中國釉上彩瓷的過程中，廣彩可能扮演技術傳遞的角色。最後以西方世界對於廣彩的影響與評價，重新指出廣彩外銷瓷在美術史上的價值，以及在中西文化交流上的貢獻。

關鍵字

廣彩 ； 織金彩瓷 ； 紋章瓷 ； 廣琺瑯 ； 外銷藝術 ； 廣州

並列摘要

Chinese export porcelain developed to a variety of fine enamel glazed porcelain during the Qing Dynasty. It was not only produced in Jingdezhen (景德鎮) in Jiangxi (江西) Province but was also produced in Canton (廣州). Those produced in Canton were called “Canton export porcelain”. Due to Canton’s advantageous political and geographical conditions, it became China’s only trading port to foreign countries, resulting in a lot of workshops for painting porcelain for the western market to be set up there. According to Chinese and western records, Canton export porcelain were traded in a large quantity and made in a large variety, including special orders from the western countries. However, there are only a few historical records about Canton export porcelain and the researches that have been done thus far are just at a preliminary stage. Many related issues have still not been discussed e.g. what is the definition of Canton export porcelain? Why and when did it appear? How did its style and history developed over time? In this thesis, I first collated related literatures of Chinese and west as well as studies of scholars, showing the porcelain trade in Canton in the 18th to 19th centuries, to realize the relationship between market and Canton export porcelain. Secondly, in analyzing its latest style, I identified some of the early style of Canton export porcelain and found the relationships and differences between Canton export porcelain and Jingdezhen export porcelain. I deduced that Canton export porcelain may have played the role of technology transfer in the process of the transformation from the western painted enamel to China enamel glaze porcelain. Finally, through the studies of the influences and evaluations from western world of Canton export porcelain, I reiterated the value of Canton export porcelain in art history and its contribution to Chinese and western cultural exchange.

並列關鍵字

Canton export porcelain ； Canton famille rose ； armorial porcelain ； Canton enamel ； export art ； Canton (Guangzhou)

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