- 學位論文
塔都茲．岡多的美學思想及其劇場實踐
Tadeusz Kantor’s Aesthetic Thoughts and Theatre Practice
摘要
塔都茲．岡多( Tadeusz Kantor，1915—1990)，生於波蘭，是二十世紀歐洲相當重要的劇場導演。岡多出生於第一次世界大戰期間，青年時期遭逢第二次世界大戰，波蘭的特殊地理歷史背景，以及岡多個人的猶太人血統，先天在文化上就有相對複雜的背景，加上岡多受到歐洲前衛運動的影響，為了替劇場帶來創新的精神，不斷地將原本產生於美術中的思潮，經過自己思考轉化後，在劇場中進行實踐，使得岡多的劇場，內容極為豐富，卻也充滿了意義上的曖昧與歧義性。 死亡劇場時期( 1975—1990)是岡多藝術創作的最後一個時期，代表作《死亡教室》使得岡多蜚聲國際。岡多指稱的死亡，同時具有現實上意義，以及形而上意義，同時又含括了許多子題與劇場手法，本文在討論死亡劇場時期岡多的美學發展時，不僅從作品出發，而是藉由探討作者個人生命史與死亡的關係，以及在美學思想發展脈絡下，有延續之前所有時期，累積下來的美學概念，也有在這個最重要的時期，同時也是最後的時期中，岡多美學思想的轉變。 本文主要由岡多的美學思想入手，針對岡多所發表的宣言、文章以及從訪談或排演筆記中，整理歸納出岡多從第二次大戰時期，一直到1990年間，不斷發展的美學思想脈絡。
並列摘要
Tadeusz Kantor (1915—1990), a creative theatre director in European world, was born in Poland. His birth was just after the outbreak of WWI, and the beginning point of his theatre director career is during WWII. Owing to the particular geography and history circumstance in Poland, and his Jewish identity, Kantor’s cultural background is much complex. After creating Cricot 2 theatre in 1955, based on his interests in avant-garde movements, he took lots of concepts from modern art movements, such as Dada, Surrealism, Art Informel, Happening, etc. Through constantly working on these concepts, he created his own unique aesthetics, and took them into practice in his theatre works. Because of all these special cultural composition, Kantor created many exuberant theatre works, with the same reason, his theatre works are usually difficult to interpret or analyze. This dissertation carries out an advanced deliberation about Kantor’s theatre aesthetics. By sorting and analyzing his manifestos, essays, poems, rehearsal notes and interviews, aim to clarify the development of Tadeusz Kantor’s theatre aesthetics and have a better comprehension of his innovative theatre works.