- 學位論文
調查與展示─日治時期的台灣工藝
Survey and Demonstration –Taiwan craft industry during the Japanese colonial period
摘要
1895年臺灣割讓日本，社會背景與權力統御的變遷使得台灣工藝開始質變，現代化工業的推展、資本主義的進駐、帝國主義的霸權滲透台灣社會，自此台灣工藝走上產業化的道路，在「殖民興業政策」的方針下，從日本引進工藝技術與產業制度，利用臺灣天然資源與廉價勞工發展工藝外銷，為日後的臺灣奠定手工藝外銷的經濟基礎。在所有的產業政策中，有一項常為人所忽略，即是台灣工藝在博覽會上的展示。 博覽會起源於歐洲，日本明治維新西化時將此風潮帶到日本國內，目的為展示各類物品，無論是本國還是外國的工業產品、農產品、建築…等都可成為被展示的類別，在日本殖民下，博覽會的概念也開始實踐於臺灣島內。值得思考的是，展示的意識形態為何？日治政府策劃的展示品通常羅列臺灣的地方物產，如台灣工藝類項中的大甲帽蓆、竹細工，農產品中的茶葉、熱帶栽培業，這些展示類別在日治政府的特別安排下其實為了表述日本對台灣的經營成果為何，並顯示對殖民地台灣如何達到有效的控制以作為日本海外的生產基地。由此可見，展示意志本身就來自於殖民主義的擴張，雖然有時可達到提昇產業、教育與宣導的效用，並增加台灣產業的能見度，但仍舊是在殖民主義的框架中被選擇性地且有意識地呈現。本文將探討博覽會中的台灣工藝產業之展示，以重構日治時期台灣工藝產業之樣貌。
關鍵字
台灣工藝 博覽會 日治 殖產興業並列摘要
In 1895, Taiwan was placed under the control of Japan, changes of the social environment and government lead to the fundamental change of Taiwan craft industry. Industrial modernization, Capitalism and imperialism were introduced and resulted in the industrialization of Taiwan craft business. Under the principal of The Japanese Industry Breeding and Business Initiating Policy, the new government brought in industrial techniques and systems from Japan, and combined these with the natural resources and labor in Taiwan to develop export-oriented craft industry, and also established an economic foundation for sale abroad. Yet, the most often overlooked industrial policy is the demonstration of Taiwan craft in major exhibitions. Exhibition originated in Europe, this trend to the Meiji Restoration in Japan when Japanese westernization, to demonstrate all kinds of goods from industrial products, agricultural products to architecture of home manufactures or abroad. This concept has also been introduced to Taiwan during the colonization. It is worth pondering over the ideologies behind these exhibitions. Usually the showpieces include local products such as straw caps and mats from Dajia, handworks of bamboo, tea and other tropical cultivation products. These special arrangements were to demonstrate the achievements of colonization, and to make Taiwan an oversea production base of Japan under effective control. This shows that exhibitions were hold to demonstrate Colonialism spirits more than to promote industries, education and Taiwan’s visibility. This essay is to discuss the demonstration of Taiwan craft industries in exhibitions, and rebuild the industry appearance back to Japanese colonial period.