臺灣外臺歌仔戲人物造型藝術研究

Modeling the characters of the outdoor Taiwanese Opera performances

葉玫汝(Mei-Ru Yeh)

指導教授 ： 林鶴宜 教授

國立臺北藝術大學/戲劇學院/戲劇學系碩士班/碩士(2006年)

摘要

外台歌仔戲是當代台灣歌仔戲的主要表演形式之一，於演出劇目、音樂運用方面，幾乎仍是承自內台歌仔戲時期的遺緒，並無太明顯的變革，然而在造型藝術方面，不僅有所繼承且甚至比之當初盛極一時的內台戲更有長足發展，在一九六零年代歌仔戲由內台出走外台之後，仍舊迭有創新並形成歌仔戲界的重要附加產業。歌仔戲人物造型藝術的演變體現了台灣文化環境變遷的歷史，也具體的反映了歌仔戲表演內涵融合多元文化後的轉變。本論文所研究之「造型藝術」包括服飾（戲衣、盔頭、靴鞋）、容妝、梳妝等面向，但不及於所執道具。研究時間上自一九零五年歌仔戲萌芽期至二零零六年，但主要集中於歌仔戲出走外台後的一九六零年代至今日的變化。

本論文架構分為七章。第一章緒論。第二章由外在文化環境的影響分述各時期造型藝術的演變歷程。第三章由表演環境之改變、歌仔戲坤生文化如何強化造型藝術的追求以及外台歌仔戲界的戲服產業生態等三方面，探討外台歌仔戲人物造型演變的社會文化條件。第四章概述目前外台歌仔戲界所見的人物造型分類與應用。第五章略述外臺歌仔戲的穿戴規制於表演場上的實踐情形。第六章由表演概念的轉變、裝飾取向的美學觀以及兼容並蓄的通俗性格層面分析外台歌仔戲人物造型藝術的審美特質。第七章結論。整體而言，本論文期能藉由探討人物造型藝術之演變、分類與應用，及其與社會文化、表演風格之間的關聯，具體說明歌仔戲的劇種個性、美學觀之形成，並進而幫助建構完整之歌仔戲演變史。

關鍵字

外臺歌仔戲 ； 人物造型藝術 ； 歌仔戲服裝 ； 胡撇仔戲 ； 表演概念

並列摘要

The outdoor Taiwanese Opera performance is one of the styles of contemporary Taiwanese Opera performances. Such a style, while following the regulations of the “Nei-Tai” (“in-door” Taiwanese opera performances) period in the selection of plays and the arrangement of music, has achieved tremendously in the modeling of characters, which became an important added industry after the in-door Taiwanese Opera troupes transferred to the outdoors in the 1960s. The modeling of Taiwanese Opera characters embodies the transitional history of Taiwan as well as the diversity of Taiwanese Opera performances. In this dissertation, I will focus on the “Modeling Art” aspect which includes costumes (clothing, hats, shoes), make-ups, hair-styles …etc. but will not cover the stage properties. The researched time frame is from 1905, when Taiwanese Opera first started, to 2006, in which the main focus will be from 1960, when Taiwanese Opera moved outdoors, till now.

There are seven chapters in this dissertation. The first chapter is an introduction. The second chapter is a description of how the modeling art of different time periods has transformed under cultural or environmental factors. In the third chapter, I will probe into the social-cultural factors for the changes of outdoor Taiwanese Opera characters through three angles : environment changes, how the female-dominant culture strengthens the pursuit of artistic modeling, and the industry of outdoor Taiwanese Opera costumes. In the fourth chapter, I will focus on the categories and applications of the most common modeling styles of different characters. In the fifth chapter, I will discuss the regulations for wearing costumes in outdoor performances and the applications of such regulations. In the sixth chapter, I will analyze the artistic traits of the modeling art through the changes of performance concepts, the aesthetics which focus on decorations and the demotic element which incorporates various cultural aspects. In sum, the aim of this dissertation is to discuss the changes, categories and applications of the modeling styles, and the correlation between socio-cultural factors and performance styles, thereby fully constructing the history of Taiwanese Opera with an elaboration on the characteristics of Taiwanese Opera and the formation of its aesthetics.

並列關鍵字

Outdoor Taiwanese Opera performances ； the art of Character-modeling ； Taiwanese Opera Costumes ； O-peh-ra ； Concept of performance

參考文獻

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