明清通書中民宅修造擇吉之研究

鑑於擇吉乃是了解傳統建築興建所不可或缺的一部分知識，本研究以擇吉專書：「通書」為研究對象，透過梳理與比較明清時期十餘本官方與私家術者所出版的通書，以期建構出修造擇吉知識的具體內容。通書內容中以民宅為修造擇吉的主角，民宅修造之擇吉行事包括「住宅主體新造之事」、「入�出宅之事」、「灶及其它附屬設施興造之事」及「增修宅舍之事」四大類行事，修造擇吉包含行事時間和行事方位的選擇。擇吉時以天、人、宅為吉凶依據架構，以宇宙符號系統為吉凶推衍原理。天指的是宇宙間隨年、月、日、時而輪值運行的各式神殺，由於神殺名目眾多，修造擇吉時要選擇對於修造主生辰和住宅的方位系統有吉會而無凶殺的日子，透過時空共構的擇吉操作過程，住宅和居住於其內之人得以在宇宙中定位以追求福祉。

關鍵字

擇吉、通書、修造、行事、神殺（煞）

並列摘要

Since date selection is an indispensable part of knowledge for understanding the construction of traditional buildings, this study chose the specific books of date selection, “almanacs” as research subjects to arrange and compare more than ten almanacs published by the government or private experts in the Ming and Ching Dynasties in the hope that the concrete contents of the knowledge of date selection can be constructed. Private residence is the major concern of date selection for establishment or restoration. The matters of date selection for home establishment and reformation could be categorized into four: “the matter of new construction of principal part of the residence,” “the matter of moving in/out,” “the matter of construction of kitchen range and other ancillary facilities,” and “the matter of addition and restoration of houses and rooms.” The date selection for home establishment or restoration includes the choices of time and positions for handling matters. The selection of good time is based on the framework of good luck and bad luck composed of heaven, man, and residence and cosmic symbol system is used as basic theories for telling good luck and bad luck. Heaven stands for each kind of malignant deities moving with the change of year, month, and date. Since the evil deeds of malignant deities are numerous, the date selection of home establishment or restoration shall choose the date which can favor the date of birth and horoscope of householders and the positions of the houses which can bring good luck. Through manipulating the integrated structure of time and space, the positions of residents and residences themselves can be fixed in the universe and their welfare can be pursued.