委拉斯貴茲在塞爾維亞時期（1617-1622）的風俗畫研究

A Study on Velazquez’s Bodegones in His Seville Period

黃笠寧(Li-Ning Huang)

指導教授 ： 賴瑞鎣

國立臺北藝術大學/美術學院學術論文/美術學系碩士班美術史組/碩士(2014年)

摘要

十七世紀是西班牙文化和藝術的「黃金時代」（Siglo de Oro），在這段時期裡，西班牙藝術界人才輩出，而委拉斯貴茲畫作中高超的寫實技巧、獨特的光線與色彩表現備受世人推崇，是十七世紀西班牙黃金時代的傑出畫家之一。一般而言，委拉斯貴茲進入馬德里的西班牙宮廷所繪製之作品較為人所熟知，但是在從塞爾維亞進入馬德里宮廷之前的作品其實相當精采。委拉斯貴茲相當喜愛描繪人物和靜物，對於一般市井小民的生活點滴多有琢磨，而在塞爾維亞繪製出多幅的風俗畫（Bodegones）畫作，目前留存的作品約為九幅，創作時間約集中於1617-1622年，故本文稱此段時間為委拉斯貴茲藝術生涯中之塞爾維亞時期。
西班牙的風俗畫（Bodegones）結合靜物畫（still life）和風俗畫（genre painting）的特質，靜物和人物通常在畫面中佔有相等的比重，以中下層人民的生活為主要題材，尤其是以廚房場景或是用餐情景最為常見。委拉斯貴茲的風俗畫主要呈現當時塞爾維亞當地平民的日常生活情景，忠實地描繪他所看到人物和物體，使畫面中的人物和靜物能處於相同的地位，並流露出平穩的和諧感。委拉斯貴茲賦予風俗畫有不同的面貌和全新的生命，並受到當時西班牙藝壇的關注。委拉斯貴茲在塞爾維亞風俗畫中即已展現優秀的肖像寫實能力，不僅能精確地捕捉每位人物臉部的細微表情，同時也表現出每位人物的特質和內心狀態，使每位人物在畫面上看起來更加寫實生動，彷彿具有生命力。
透過委拉斯貴茲的風俗畫，可以看到委拉斯貴茲對於自然界擁有獨特的觀察力及優秀的寫實能力，他並不是單純地去模仿自然，而是對自然有所瞭解和擁有情感。因此他能精準地捕捉到靜物的物體質感和人物獨特的個性特質，賦予靜物和人物有各自獨特的生命，並使之永恆。委拉斯貴茲將日常生活中最動人的一刻如實地紀錄下來，在畫面中賦予一般平民某種尊貴感，並略能體現當時塞爾維亞平民生活的質樸與單純，努力地生活出平凡中的不平凡。

關鍵字

十七世紀 ； 塞爾維亞 ； 風俗畫 ； 委拉斯貴茲

並列摘要

Seventeenth century is the “Golden Age”（Siglo de Oro）of Spanish culture and art. In this period, there are many Spanish excellent artists, and Velazquez’s realistic technique, unique light and color performance acclaimed around the world, he is one of the outstanding painters of the Spanish Golden Age in seventeenth century,. In general, the Madrid Court paintings of Velazquez are more well-known, but his Seville paintings are actually remarkable before entering Madrid Court. Velazquez liked to paint figures and still life in everyday life, there are about nine Bodegones currently retained. The Bodegones of Velazquez were created in 1617-1622 years, so this article thinks 1617-1622 is the Seville Period of Velazquez.
Spanish Bodegones combine with characteristics of still life and genre painting. Still life and figures usually play equal part in the Bodegones picture, and it takes the lower middle class people's lives as the main theme, especially the kitchen scenes or dining scenarios. Velazquez’s Bodegones painted about daily lives of local Seville civilians, and he faithfully depicted what he saw, making people and figures e in a harmonious position. Velazquez gave Bodegones a dffferent aspect and a whole new life, therefore he had Spanish art world's attention. Velazquez not only accurately captured the subtle facial expressions of people, but also their characteristics and inner states to make every character more realistic and vivid.
Through Velazquez’s Bodegones, we can see Velazquez has a unique observation for the nature and a quality of the realistic capacity. He was not simply to imitate nature, but understanding for nature with emotion. So Velazquez can accurately capture the texture of still life and the unique personality of characters, he gave them unique life and makes them permanent. Velazquez made an accurate record of the most touching moment of daily life, and he gives a noble sense of the general civilian population in the paintings. He slightly reflected the simple and pure of the Seville civilian life, who lived out in the non-trivial ordinary.

並列關鍵字

Seventeenth century ； Seville ； Bodegones ； Velazquez

參考文獻

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