理查•史特勞斯歌劇中的兩種女性特質音樂呈現 -以《莎樂美》、《艾蕾克特拉》、《玫瑰騎士》為例

A Study on Music Expression of Two Kinds of Femininities in Richard Strauss’ Operas – “Salome”, ”Elektra”, and “Der Rosenkavalier”

劉怡君(LIU, YI-CHUN)

指導教授 ： 王美珠

國立臺北藝術大學/音樂學院學術論文/音樂學研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

理查•史特勞斯善於透過不同的音樂手段細膩描繪各式人、事或物，特別是女性人物的多愁善感與悲哀。在他十五部歌劇作品中，女性角色在歌劇中佔有重要的中心地位，幾乎都以女性做為引導劇情發展的主要角色。
《莎樂美》(Salome)、《艾蕾克特拉》(Elektra)以及《玫瑰騎士》(Der Rosenkavalier)為史特勞斯創作顛峰時期的代表作品；在女性角色的描繪和音樂的設計上皆具代表性的特徵和豐富的多樣性。本文探討的三齣歌劇作品中，五位性格相異的女性角色-莎樂美、艾蕾克特拉、克呂泰涅斯特拉(Klytamnestra)、克莉索泰蜜絲(Chrysothemis)、元帥夫人瑪莎琳(Marschallin)及蘇菲(Sophie)具備了｢黑暗面」和｢明亮面」兩種面向的女性特質，故本文以此五位女性角色為例，探討作曲家如何透過音樂呈現｢黑暗面」和｢明亮面」的女性特質。

關鍵字

理查•史特勞斯、女性特質、莎樂美、艾蕾克特拉、玫瑰騎士

並列摘要

Richard Strauss is adept at depicting all kinds of people, things or property through a variety of music techniques delicately, especially the female characters in sentimental and sorrow. In his fifteen operas, female characters almost as the major role and guide the plot development, and play an important central position.
Salome, Elektra, and Der Rosenkavalier can be described as Strauss's representative works in his heyday; and he presented topical features and rich diversity in female characters depiction and music expression in these three works. This article took five different female characters in Salome, Elektra, and Der Rosenkavalier – Salome, Elektra, Klytamnestra, Chrysothemis , Marschallin and Sophie for examples which show the ‘bright’ and ‘dark’ personality, and probed how the composer presents these two kinds of femininities in music expression.

並列關鍵字

Richard Strauss, Salome, Elektra, Der Rosenkavalier, femininity

參考文獻

Gilliam, Bryan. The Life of Richard Strauss. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Jefferson, Alan. Richard Strauss: Der Rosenkavalier, Cambridge University Press, 1985.

-------------------. Richard Strauss. London: Macillaon, 1975.

Kennedy, Michael. Richard Strauss. London: Aldiue Press,1976

Mann, Willam. Richard Strauss: A Critical Study of The Operas. London: Cassell, 1964.