- 學位論文
一個古老深遠的歌唱技巧Yodel： 概念釋義與實踐範例
An ancient singing style Yodel： Explicate and examples
摘要
Yodel，或稱Jodel，在瑞士的阿爾卑斯山有一貫的完整性、系統性，是當地牧民用來呼叫牲畜，或和伙伴們在山谷之間傳遞訊息的呼喊，這種獨特溝通方式發展出的歌唱技巧被稱為Yodel。事實上，這種唱法是一種阿爾卑斯山麓真假聲互換的唱法，若從發聲角度來看，是用胸音到頭腔聲區間真假音迅速交替的歌唱法，大部分以yodel來演唱的曲子歌詞並沒有特殊含義，音程多為六度和七度。現今當地人用”Naturjodel”和”Jodellied”這兩詞，來區別保留傳統呼喊方式的yodel和藝術歌曲式的yodel。 yodel歌唱雖然是在歐洲阿爾卑斯山麓發展，但翻閱文獻發現這種歌唱現象並不只是在歐洲阿爾卑斯山麓流傳，世界各地也都有，但是這些歌唱技巧是否都與歐洲阿爾卑斯山麓歌唱技巧相同？是由阿爾卑斯山麓yodel發展出來嗎?還是只是一種變體？或是各自有他們不同的發展形態？世界各地這種似yodel風格的歌唱技巧如此多樣，值得我們去研究。 此外，透過歷史文獻的記錄，我也發現在東歐、中非的俾格米人、所羅門群島以及台灣也有類似yodel歌曲，這些歌唱現象與歐洲原來yodel風格相同嗎？還是屬於一種分支？或是受到其他文化影響而產生？這些也是本論文要探討的內容。
並列摘要
Yodel, jodel, yodeling or jodeling is generally used to refer a singing characterized by rapid register alternations between chest register to head register. In Alpine regions of Europe, peasants and herdsmen used yodel to communicate when they were working in the valley, and using yodel to call their beasts moving. This singing style has no lexical meaning, the wide intervals are between sixth and seventh. Yodel belong a oral tradition, nowadays people coin two terms to define yodel origin and development：naturjodel and jodellied. In alpine regions, yodel have ancient developed, but in the world we can find many kind of this singing style. Do they belong alpine singing style? Do they develop from alpine singing style ? Or just a variant? How about their own singing style and develop? It need people to research those different kind of yodel singing style in the world. Besides that according to the literature, I found in East Europe, Central Africa Pygmes, Solomon Islands, and in Taiwan also have some yodel style songs. Do those songs belong European yodel style? A branch? Do they occur from other culture? In this essay, I discuss different regions yodel style and Taiwan yodel style.
參考文獻
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