以溝通翻譯法原則翻譯《日經大預測2004年版》之研究

摘要我國與日本之經濟型態類似，日本在經濟發展過程中，若干經貿策略及企業營運方針，殊值我們參考借鏡。國內外經濟變動趨勢，皆與每個人的日常生活及理財息息相關。例如:消費者物價指數、經濟成長率、失業率、銀行利率、國際貨幣等。歷年來日本與我國的經貿往來頻繁，日文經貿相關文本，也紛紛湧入台灣市場。簡潔的經貿文體，如何翻譯是一大課題。英國翻譯家彼得•紐馬克（Peter Newmark）認為選擇翻譯的標準或策略之前，分析譯出文的類型是首要工作，文本的類型呈現出溝通方式與目的，幫助譯者決定翻譯的標準或策略。紐馬克也主張翻譯必須以某種語言理論作基礎，認為比勒的語言功能理論最適用於翻譯。比勒將語言分成三大主要功能，即「表述」（expressive）、「資訊」（informative）和「呼籲」（vocative）等功能。紐馬克依據此語言功能，將文本類型分成「表述類」、「資訊類」、「呼籲類」三大類型。紐馬克翻譯理論中最重要且最具特色的部分是「語義翻譯（semantic translation）」與「溝通翻譯（communicative translation）」，他認為「表述類」文本適用「語義翻譯」，「資訊類」與「呼籲類」文本適用「溝通翻譯」。《日經大預測2004年版》一書屬資訊類文本，所以本文在"溝通翻譯"原則下，進行翻譯實務，藉此提供讀者了解日本經濟各領域的資訊，以及專業用語使用，並且增長經貿書籍的閱讀理解能力。本論文的重點不在經貿專業用語，而是在探討以溝通翻譯法為原則，以「譯文讀者為中心」為目標，來處理經貿文體中的減縮的標題、日漢語序、拆句與併句、加譯與減譯、同形漢字、外來語、新詞、略語、縮寫詞等翻譯問題，以期將譯文準確傳達，並杜絕翻譯腔，使譯文達到「自然」與「通順」。

關鍵字

溝通翻譯

並列摘要

Abstract The economy in Taiwan is similar to that in Japan; therefore, some trade strategies and operation policies of Japaneses enterprises in the course of its economic development are worth our consulting and drawing lessons from. Domestic and international economic changes, for example, in consumer price index, economic growth rate, rate of unemployment, bank rate, convertible foreign exchange, etc., are all closely linked with every individual’s daily life and money-managing practices. The economic and trade contacts between Japan and Taiwan are getting more frequent over the years; Japanese books on economic and trade topics are pouring into Taiwanese market one after another, too. Due to the unique und succinct writing style these texts are characteric of, it is worth addressing the issue how they should be properly translated into Chinese. British translator Peter Newmark claims that a translator must analyse the type of the text first before he decides on the rule or strategy to render it, because the genre of the text demonstrates the way of communication and purposes which the author or the text has meant to, which facilitates the process of finding the appropriate norms and strategy. Newmark suggests that all translations are based implicitly on a theory of language, and for him B?伿ler’s functional theory of language should be adopted as the one that is most usefully applied to translating. According to B?伿ler, the three main functions of language are the expressive, the informative and the vocative one. Parallel to this categorization, Newmark identifies three major text-types: 'the expressive text-type', 'the informative text-type' and 'the vocative text-type'. The most characteristic part in Newmark's translation theory, among others, lies in his differentiation of two basic approaches of translating, i.e. ‘semantic translation' and 'communicative translation'. ‘Semantic translation’ is suitable for rendering 'expressive' texts, while ‘communicative translation’ for 'informative' and 'vocative' ones. The book “The Future of Japan and International Community for 2004 Year” comes unter the genre of ‘informative’, therefore it is tangibly appropriate to translate it by the principle of 'communicative translation', in the hope that this presented translation will offer the readers some information about every field of Japan's economy, help them familiarize with economic and trade term uses and consequently improve their comprehension ability of economic and trade books. The focus of this thesis does not lie in the economic and trade specialized terms, rather in the endeavor to prove the feasibility of translating the book naturally and fluently by taking the reader-oriented ‘communicative translation’ approach. Specifically it is to demonstrate how this translation approach is applied to deal with the following textual structures: the reduced title, the word order of Japanese and Chinese, reduction and expansion, transference, new words, dismantled sentence and combined sentences, and abbreviations.