摘要
本研究針對市面上所販售之超級柴油、二行程與四行程機油、食用油共十一種油類，分別進行熱特性之實驗分析與探討。首先，在研究中以潘-馬氏密閉式手動閃火點測定儀量測各油類之閃火點。結果顯示油類之閃火點溫度可大致歸納為三大類，第一類為超級柴油與二行程機油，第二類為四行程機油，第三類為食用油。其中，又以四行程機油與食用油的閃火點溫度最高又較為接近。閃火點一般作為評估液體物質危害性的主要依據，當液體物質的閃火點溫度愈低時，表該物質所會發生火災及爆炸的可能性與危害性也越高。因此，於本實驗油類當中，二行程機油與柴油屬於火災爆炸風險較高之物質。 研究中使用圓錐量熱儀加熱油類，並置入熱電偶並連接資料擷取系統配合虛擬儀控程式語言紀錄實驗之結果，量測油類以不同熱通量條件加熱時，其表面與下層之溫度變化情形，並將實驗值分別與各熱傳理論之理論值相互比較，並探討油類熱傳情形以及各熱傳理論對於預測油類溫升變化之適用性。 根據本研究中驗證各熱傳理論之適用性，結果發現：Tewarson的熱傳理論值與本研究中的實驗值相去甚遠，此因Tewarson之熱傳理論主要乃是針對預測加熱固體材料之溫度變化，故其適用性會較差，反觀Modak與Putorti的液體熱傳理論值則較趨近於實驗值，但對於預測液體表面的溫升情形仍不甚理想。並且Modak與Putorti所提出之建議參數值範圍為適用於液體溫度在100至300℃之間，此適用溫度範圍稍嫌太廣；是故，於液體熱傳理論當中之建議參數值實有需修正至更精確之必要性。然而，抑或是因為實驗中使用抽風排氣設備，導致加熱油類時所量測到的油類表面溫度實驗值結果比Putorti預測溫度理論值低，此誤差原因有待日後進行更詳細與更深入之研究探討。 最後，於研究中修正液體表面的穿透係數（γ）後，代入Putorti提出之預測液體溫升理論公式中，並依據實驗中所量測油類之閉杯閃火點溫度結果，歸納提出以方程式y=0.0004x+0.5084修正油類於不同閃火點範圍內之液體穿透係數，將可得到對於預測油類溫升曲線有較佳預測性之參數。
並列摘要
This study examined total eleven popular oils, including super diesel oil, two-stroke engine oil, four-stroke motor oil, and cooking oil; the thermal properties of each oils was experimented and analyzed respectively. The flash points of these oils were categorized into three types according to their temperatures. Super diesel oil and two-stroke engine oil were labeled as the first type, four-stroke motor oil was the second type, and cooking oil was the third type. The temperature values of flash point were similar to each other between four-stroke motor oil and cooking oil, not only that, their flash points were the highest when compared with other oils. Usually, the flash point is used to identify hazard level of liquid substances. The lower flash points of liquid substances, the higher hazard materials are. Due to this fact, two-stroke engine oil and super diesel oil are identified as the oils with higher fire and explosion risk. Based on the heat transfer equation experimented in this research, the findings showed that the experimental results of Tewarson’s heat transfer equation were far different from this study. This was due to the fact that Tewarson’s heat transfer equation was aimed to predict the temperature rises of surface in the heated solid-state materials, so its prediction was limited in solid state than liquid one. Instead, the experimental results of Modak’s equation and Putorti’s equation were similar to this study, although the prediction of temperature rises were underestimated in Modak’s equation and overestimated in Putorti’s. The revised liquid surface transmissivity can be predicted based on it’s close-cup flash point for the correlation of y=0.0004x+0.5084.