全國河川污染整治計畫之民眾參與探討

A Study of Public Participation Programs in River Pollution Cleanup Projects Nationwide in Taiwan

鄭育棋(Yu-Chi Cheng)

指導教授 ： 洪慶宜

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2008.00047

摘要

公民社會觀念近年來在我國慢慢受到重視，自2002年河川整治年起，行政院環境保護署鼓勵民眾以河川巡守方式參與河川污染整治行動，陸續於各縣市建立起河川巡守隊，促進民眾污染陳情，檢討污染通報及查察系統，達到具體污染削減成效，至2006年底共成立了328隊河川巡守隊，巡守志工共7,466人。我國所推廣的河川巡守制度，在公眾參與的層次中，以行動面而言屬於夥伴關係層次，公部門與民間合作共同打擊污染行為；但在決策參與面仍屬於象徵程度，民眾鼓勵進行河川巡守、水質監測及生活污水源頭減量，鮮少參與流域管理決策。在國家邁向政治民主、公民社會的進程中，民眾參與河川環境保護的策略應如何發展則須深入探討。
為暸解河川巡守志工的巡守行為與困難，及其與環境行為之相關程度，本研究透過問卷方式調查全國各縣市志工巡守計畫推動模式，調查對象為23個縣市環保局所經營的河川巡守隊成員，問卷共回收1,075份。結果發現，多數的志工認同民眾參與河川巡守隊改善河川污染是有幫助的（97.7%），並且滿意現在的河川巡守通報制度（62.2%）。他們每月進行巡守或水質監測1~4次，以觀察河川是否異常為主(74.3%)。當發現河川異常時，志工最常做的為撥打公害陳情報案專線或環保局報案專線(52.6%)。志工希望至少需保障他們出外的安全，提供意外險保險費的補助(59.2%)。
大部分的志工都認為河川水質在改善中(78.7%)，此與2002-2006年河川污染指標變化趨勢一致。河川志工認為河川問題最嚴重的為：「水中生物貧乏，缺乏多樣性生態」、「因水質不佳造成之健康危害」和「臭味」，在問到河川整治遠景時大家也都認為需先處理「臭味」問題，其次才是「河岸、河面廢棄物」和「河川清澈程度」。
河川巡守志工在環境行為得分表現上比其他研究族群的得分高，並且志工說服行為得分高於經濟行為，與一般民眾較不相同。
雖然性別和有無參與環保NGO組織在巡守頻率上沒有顯著影響，但在環境行為上男性與曾參與環保NGO組織的志工環境行為得分較佳。且巡守頻率和環境行為得分是有顯著的正相關性（r＝0.14，p＝0.00），可以多推廣河川相關環境教育，提升民眾之環境行為，進而促使河川巡守頻率增加。

關鍵字

河川污染整治民眾參與 ； 河川巡守 ； 環境行為

並列摘要

The concept of civil society has been gradually adopted by the people of Taiwan. Since the Year of River Pollution Cleanup, declared by the Executive Yuen (行政院), in 2002, the Environmental Protection Administration encouraged public participation with the action of river watch to prevent the unlawful wastewater discharges from factories and farm houses. County Bureaus of Environmental Protections (BEPs) all over the country, since then, have organized their own River Watch teams, established and promoted the pollution reporting system, and directly involved people into the pollution control task force. By 2006, there were 328 River Watch teams with 7,466 patrolling volunteers. The River Watch programs established in Taiwan achieves the partnership level in the public participation hierarchy, with regard to the collaboration for the pollution control. However, the participation is essentially limited to the pollution patrolling activity, volunteer monitoring, and household wastewater minimization. Public’s voice on the watershed management and river pollution cleanup has not been involved routinely on the decision making process. While the concepts of civil society and democracy are progressively embraced by the people of Taiwan, how to adjust the public involvement strategy is an important issue.
The present study used questionnaires to investigate the patrolling routine and difficulty of the river volunteers. How different types of volunteer groups affect the river watch action and environmental behavior was also investigated. The questionnaires were distributed to the volunteers of River Watch teams in 20 counties and 1,075 of them were recovered. The results indicated that the majority of the river volunteers agreed that the River Watch program can improve the river quality (97.7%), and they were satisfied with the pollution reporting system advocated by the county BEPs (62.2%). The river patrolling activity of a volunteer ranged from 1 to 4 times per month, with the majority devoting to watch the unlawful pollution (74.3%). The most frequent action taken by the volunteer in response to a pollution case was to report the pollution case to the national or country hotline (52.6%). The most concern to the river volunteers was the safety issue. Many of them demanded that the personal accident insurance should be covered by the government’s expanse (59.2%).
Most of the volunteers perceived the river water quality was improving (78.7%). This perception was generally consistent with the trend of river pollution index (RPI) from year 2002-2006. The top three concerns for the consequence of river pollution were: (1) reduce of biodiversity in the aquatic ecosystem; (2) health effect due to the poor water quality; (3) odor problem. The most popular visions for the future river were: (1) no odor; (2) no illegal wastes disposal and littering in the river; (3) the clarity of the river.
In comparison with the general public in other studies, the river volunteers performed batter in the environmental behavior. To improve the environmental quality, the river volunteers were more willing to adopt persuasive actions then to implement economic actions. This result is different from the surveys of the general publics.
Although there is no significant effect of both gender and experience as a NGO member on the frequency of river patrolling, males and NGO members did have better environmental behaviors. Since the frequency of river patrolling was corrected with the environmental behavior (r＝0.14, p＝0.00), emphases on advocating the environmental education can promote a more frequent river patrolling activities by improving the environmental awareness.

並列關鍵字

river pollution cleanup ； public participation ； river watch ； environmental behavior

參考文獻

行政院環境保護署（2003） 91年環境水質監測年報。

行政院環境保護署（2004） 92年環境水質監測年報。

行政院環境保護署（2005） 93年環境水質監測年報。

行政院環境保護署（2006） 94年環境水質監測年報。

行政院環境保護署（2007） 95年環境水質監測年報。