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  • 學位論文

孔流(Vent Flow)現象之電腦模擬分析與中性層(Neutral Plane)公式應用探討

The Vent Flow Analysis for The Neutral Plane Layer Equation Modification

指導教授 : 何三平

摘要


本研究藉由Computational Fluid Dynamics model(簡稱CFD model)模擬火場情境,比較模擬與公式計算之結果,以求模擬與理論結合之目標。 本研究以Fire Dynamics Simulator(簡稱FDS)進行火災情境之模擬,探討標準空間與加大型空間內,變化不同之火源位置、開口面積大小、熱釋放率、開口數目及開口相對位置等因素,進行穩態火災模擬,並將電腦模擬數據與中性層高度預測公式比較,探討模擬與公式之相符性。 模擬結果顯示空間內氣體溫度隨開口高度增加而上升,並非如區域模式(Zone model)所假設為均勻溫度之狀況,因此計算出氣量除以進氣量( )值時,結果與應等於1之理論值仍有相當差距,而是隨火源位置與開口面積不同而變化,熱釋放率大小之影響則是甚小,但若因氣流造成火焰偏移,將會影響 值,因此這些受影響之數據較不適用於公式修正。標準空間之線性方程式與標準空間結合加長空間後之線性方程式相互比較發現,空間大小並不影響修正係數之適用性。藉由一系列之模擬後,中性層高度預估公式修正為 , 為修正係數,x為開口總面積。 單一開口空間之中性層高度修正係數分別為火源位於中央(房間內部且四周不靠牆)時,修正係數 ;火源位於牆壁(房間內部且單面靠牆)時,修正係數 ;火源位於角落(房間之角落)時,修正係數 。門與落地窗式多開口空間之修正係數分別為中央火源之修正係數 ;牆壁火源之修正係數 ;角落火源之修正係數 。門與窗多開口空間之修正係數分別為中央火源之修正係數 ;牆壁火源之修正係數 ;角落火源之修正係數 。依照不同之情形選用適當的修正係數。

並列摘要


Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was used to simulate the neutral plane layer height based on different fire sizes, fire locations, heat release rates, vent areas, and room dimensions. The differences were obvious between the simulation data and neutral plane layer formulas. The correlation, , was used to present the relationship between the flow-in gas and the flow-out gas and x was the total opening area of the room. The correlation of was obtained for the fire not leaning against the walls of the room and the fire did not shift too much during the tests. The wall fire was modified with the equations and was for the fire of the side walls and the corner fire in the test room. The correlations should be modified for a two-opening room with one window facing to one door. Other equations were also developed to predict the neutral plane layer for center fire, wall fire and corner fire in a multi-opening room.

並列關鍵字

CFD Model Neutral Plane Layer FDS Zone Model

參考文獻


【2】 Ronald L. Alpert, SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Fire Dynamics:Ceiling Jet Flows, 3rd ed(2002).
【3】 Howard W. Emmons, SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Fire Dynamics:Vent Flows, 3rd ed(2002).
【4】 James G. Quintiere, Principles of Fire Behavior, Compartment Fires(1998).
【7】 Wen, J.X., Kang, K., Donchev, T., and Karwatzki, J.M., “Validation of FDS for the prediction of medium-scale pool fires.” , Fire Safety Journal(2007).
【11】 Chow, W. K., “A Comparison of the Use of Fire Zone and Field Models for Simulating Atrium Smoke-Filling Process.” , Fire Safety Journal(1995).

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