海運承攬運送業載運規劃問題之探討

The Load Planning Problem of Freight Forwarders

陳嘉良(Jia-Liang Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳春益

長榮大學/管理學院/經營管理研究所(博)/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2006.00039

摘要

海運承攬運送業所承運之貨件多屬大型且笨重零擔貨件，傳統上，或自行運送、或拋貨給同行運送，如自行運送則多採用單純之一次併櫃與一次拆櫃作業方式。然近年來國內業者為擴展業務、或提昇其服務品質，其拆併櫃方式日趨多元化，如在起點區域可採取零次併櫃、一次併櫃、與多次併櫃，在迄點區域亦可採用零次拆櫃、一次拆櫃、與多次拆櫃。本文旨在協助業者處理該等拆併櫃作業問題，唯該問題同時涉及貨件之運送路線安排(稱之貨物排程問題)，以及開櫃之種類與數量(稱之貨櫃指派問題），一般將同時處理貨物排程問題與貨櫃指派問題，稱之載運規劃問題。本文解析海運承攬運送業所面臨之載運規劃問題，並利用網路最佳化之技巧構建數學模式。
為驗證該載運規劃模式之功能與適用範圍，本文進行範例分析研究。範例乃依據海運承攬運送業之營運現況以及特性加以構建，範例分析顯示，該模式可有效反映業者拋貨、直併、混併等運送選擇(運送方式與運送路線安排)，亦可同時提供開櫃種類與數量之資訊(貨櫃指派)，應可協助業者分析其面臨之載運規劃問題。

關鍵字

海運承攬運送業 ； 載運規劃問題 ； 多元商品網路流量問題

並列摘要

Conventionally, freight forwarders make use of one consolidation and one break-bulk procedure to transport less-than-container-load cargoes. However, in order to have better customer service, their may offers various procedures, for example, multiple consolidations in the way of carrying cargoes to their destinations. Corresponding to these various procedures, freight forwarders need have a more flexible operation network. This paper makes an attempt to describe what kind of operation networks needed if freight forwarders offer various consolidations/break-bulk procedures. Furthermore, if freight forwarders transport less-than-container-load cargoes with a flexible operation network, their will face the load planning problem, simultaneously to decide what routes the cargoes should be transported and what kinds of containers should be choose to load these cargoes. This paper makes use of the multicommodity network flow problem to develop an optimization model for this load planning problem. This model is evaluated by a test case. The computation results seem promising. However, a real-world case should be tested in the future research.

並列關鍵字

freight forwarder ； operation network ； load planning problem ； multicommodity network flow problem

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