- 學位論文
職業安全衛生檢查對職業災害預防成效研究
A Study on Effectiveness of Occupational Safety and Health Inspections on Occupational Injuries Prevention
摘要
本研究以我國某勞動檢查機構所建立的事業單位檢查登錄系統資料庫為基礎，收集近二年(2008~2009)對製造業的勞動檢查結果通知書，進行職業安全衛生檢查對職業災害預防的成效研究。從所收集的7192筆勞動檢查結果通知書中擷取的主要資料項目，包括：(1)事業單位基本資料：如所屬行業別、地址、員工人數等；(2)勞動檢查資料：如檢查日期、檢查種類、檢查項目等；(3)違反法規事項：如違反法規和條款說明。研究中對事業單位勞動檢查違反法令條款的違規事項進行頻度分析，勞動檢查對事業單位職業安全衛生問題改善成效進行探討，及我國現行勞動檢查制度實施問題檢討。從2008-2009年度的檢查結果顯示違反法規事項以『勞工安全衛生法』最高(佔51.9%)，『勞工安全衛生設施規則』居次(佔19.6%)、『勞工安全衛生教育訓練規則』再居次(佔6.4％)。其中勞工安全衛生法第5條有關雇主必須備有符合標準的必要安全衛生設備是最頻繁的違反法條(佔52.6%)，顯示雇主對於減少職業災害的安全衛生設備裝設仍缺乏認知。從本研究結果得知：我國現行職業安全衛生檢查仍大部份針對設備、組織及人員進行檢查，對於最重要的事業單位安全衛生管理能力以及勞工長期工作暴露有害物質所受到的健康危害，在執行勞動檢查時往往是被忽略的。事業單位在連續兩年內被重複檢查的機率並不高，當檢查發現事業單位發生違規事項後，仍有相當比例的事業單位對於其違規事項未確實改善，甚至在一年後的檢查，仍有相當顯著的重複違規情形，重複檢查並未發現顯著提高改善成效。由於勞動檢查項目繁多且檢查結果通知書的陳述內容，對於一項檢查缺失容易出現重複性或是相似的違規法條，造成違規項目統計歸類的困難。如何使現行的職業安全衛生檢查規範能更準確的反映檢查違規缺失，有效監督事業單位改善違規項目，需要更多的研究探討。
並列摘要
A database of occupational safety and health inspections established a Government Regional Labor Inspection Office was used to collect the inspection reports for manufacturing industries from 2006 to 2010 for this study of effectiveness of occupational safety and health inspections on occupational injuries prevention. A total of 7192 inspection reports were collected. The data obtained from these inspection reports included: (1) basic information of enterprises, e.g., industry category, address, number of employees, etc.; (2) inspection information, e.g., inspection date, inspection category, inspection items, etc.; (3) violations of laws and regulations, e.g., violation statements of laws, regulations, articles, clauses, etc. The frequency analyses of regulation, article and clause violations of inspected enterprises were analyzed. The effectiveness of occupational safety and health inspections on problem improvement was explored. The issues of implementing occupational safety and health inspections were discussed. Based on the analysis of violations for the inspected enterprises during 2008-2009, the Labor Safety and Health Act was violated the most frequently (51.9%), the Regulations for Labor Safety and Health Installations the second (19.6%), and the Regulations for Labor Safety and Health Education and Training the third (6.4%). The Article 5 of the Labor Safety and Health Act which requires the employer to provide necessary safety and health installations in conformity with established standards was the most violated regulation (52.6%). This indicated that the employers still have no willing to provide necessary safety and health installations for preventing occupational accidents. The results of this study demonstrated that in our country the current occupational safety and health inspections mainly focused on equipment, organization and personnel. Almost no effort has been made on the inspections of occupational health and safety and health management. How to improve the implementation of supervision and inspection of occupational safety and health needs to warrant more research. Keywords: occupational safety and health inspection, law violation, effectiveness analysis.