安全帽製造工廠勞工揮發性有機物質暴露評估

Exposure Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds for Helmet Manufacturing Factory Workers

呂翰昕(Han-Xin Lu)

指導教授 ： 許憲呈

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2014.00130

摘要

本研究利用環境區域採樣以測定安全帽製造工廠作業環境空氣中揮發性有機物質的濃度，主要測定的物質為丙烯腈、苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、對間二甲苯、苯乙烯、鄰二甲苯。本研究目的：(1)評估安全帽工廠各區作業勞工的揮發性有機物暴露量，並與相關法規做比較；(2)探討各區作業勞工與行政人員間的暴露差異；(3)確認安全帽工廠噴漆作業勞工的暴露實態，提出讓勞工降低暴露物質濃度的改善方法。本研究針對噴漆、貼標、包裝、ABS區勞工共9名(暴露組)與行政人員7名(非暴露組)，隨機選取9個工作天(噴漆區為10天)，總共採集了83個暴露組與12個非暴露組樣本。空氣暴露採樣測定以單支熱脫附管填充吸附劑Tenax TA，搭配分流管連接採樣幫浦，流量率設定為200 mL/min，其架設高度為勞工之呼吸區。所收集到的空氣樣本以熱脫附氣相層析儀分析，以估計勞工揮發性有機物的8小時時量加權平均暴露濃度。結果顯示，安全帽製造工廠噴漆區為環境暴露濃度最高處，濃度為丙烯腈 1.3 ppb、苯 7.0412.63 ppb、甲苯 2051.161605.02 ppb、乙酸丁酯 170.51150.69 ppb、對間二甲苯 152.26139.32 ppb、苯乙烯 97.8697.42 ppb、鄰二甲苯 140.02104.33 ppb，但所有區域VOCs平均濃度皆符合我國法令規定容許暴露濃度。利用單因子變異數分析(analysis of variance, ANOVA)與Post Hoc檢定各區域物質是否有所差異，結果顯示：苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、對間二甲苯、苯乙烯、鄰二甲苯其暴露實態的平均值皆呈現統計上顯著差異(P＜0.05)，各個物質在不同區域中，只要有與噴漆區比較皆呈現統計上顯著差異(P＜0.05)，但在貼花區、包裝區、ABS區、行政區之間皆未達統計上顯著差異(P＞0.05)。

關鍵字

職業衛生 ； 安全帽製造工廠 ； 揮發性有機物質 ； 暴露評估 ； 空氣

並列摘要

This study is set out to determine the concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in the atmosphere of helmet manufacturing places via air sampling. The major substances include acrylonitrile, benzene, butyl acetate, toluene, p/m-xylene, styrene and o-xylene. The purposes of this study are: (1) to measure the concentrations of VOCs in the factory and compare with permissible exposure limits(PEs) in laws. (2)to compare the difference on VOCs concentrations between frontline workers and administrative staff. (3) to confirm the exposure of painting workers in a helmet manufacturing factory and suggest an improved method that can reduce chemical exposure for the workers.In this study we randomly selected 9 workers from painting, labeling, packaging, ABS area(exposed group), and another 7 administrative staffs(non-exposed group) in 9 working days . 83 exposure group samples and 12 non-exposed group samples were collected. The air exposure measurements were performed by using single thermal desorption tubes packed with Tenax TA sorbents, the sampling pumps were set up at a flow rate 200 mL/min, and the pumps were set near the breathing zone of workers. The thermal desorption tubes were analyzed by using thermal desorption gas chromatography to estimate the 8-hour time-weighted average. The results showed that the painting area of helmet manufacturing factory has the highest concentration. The levels of benzene, toluene, butyl aceatae, p/m-xylene, styrene and o-xylene were 7.0412.63 ppb、2051.161605.02 ppb 170.51150.69 ppb, 152.26139.32 ppb, 97.8697.42 ppb, 140.02104.33 ppb, respectively. However, the 8-hour time-weighted average exposure concentrations of the VOCs were far below the permissible exposure limits in all areas. Using one-way analysis of variance and Post Hoc test showed that, the average value of acrylonitrile, benzene, toluene, butyl acetate, p&m-xylene, styrene, o-xylene had statistical significantly different(P < 0.05). It showed statistical significantly different(P < 0.05) if the concentrations of all volatile organic chemicals in different areas were used to compare with those in painting area. But among the labeling, packaging, ABS and administrative areas are not reached statistical significantly different(P > 0.05).

並列關鍵字

occupational health ； helmet manufacturing factory ； volatile organic compounds(VOCs) ； exposure assessment ； air

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