在政府1992年開放新民營銀行設立後,台灣銀行業正式進入自由開放的戰國時代,國內金融環境在幾次金改後變得複雜且多元,也使得銀行存在不同經營型態的問題。考量到過去研究多將所有銀行以同一效率邊界評估其經營效率,且多忽略了環境因素對評估銀行效率時之影響,本研究利用能同時解決此二問題的三階段System DEA,蒐集2006至2008年間32家台灣地區本國銀行的資料,並將其分為專業銀行與綜合銀行兩類,作一效率之評估及比較。 實證結果發現(1)將專業與綜合兩類型銀行視為同一群體評估確實會產生效率值與有效率銀行家數的誤判。(2)無論是專業銀行或綜合銀行,均存在部份銀行經營績效不彰之情況,在提升經營效率上可先從縮減固定資產和員工人數的投入著手。(3)第一階段System模式與第三階段System模式之效率值與參考集合均有顯著差異,顯示環境因素對於效率評估存之重大影響。(4)分離環境因素後,綜合銀行之純粹管理效率仍明顯優於專業銀行,亦即綜合銀行在經營管理能力上較為突出,國內專業銀行需先從改善其管理能力做起。
The overbanking problem in Taiwan started from the financial deregulations in 1992, when government allowed new banks to be established. Most studies take the same efficient frontier assumption to measure the efficiency of banks, and always neglect the environmental factors . Thus, using data on 32 banks in Taiwan over 2006 to 2008, this study adopts Three–stage System DEA to investigate the operating efficiency of banks under different efficient frontier systems in Taiwan. The empirical results show that(1)the efficient reference sets of the banks would be wrongly judged if the efficiencies of banks in different efficient frontier systems are measured with the same efficient frontier method.(2)The inefficient separated banks and universal banks can improve its performance by reducing fixed assets and number of staffs.(3)The Efficiency score and benchmarks of stage 1 are significant difference those of stage 3.(4)The management efficiency of universal banks are better than separated banks.