安全領導與勞工人格特質對勞工不安全行為及安全績效之影響-以南部地區營造業勞工為例

The Effects of Safety Leadership and Workers’ Personal Characteristics on Unsafe Behavior and Safety Performances－Example of Construction Workers in Southern Taiwan

傅光黛(kuang-Dai Fu)

指導教授 ： 蒲永仁

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2010.00156

摘要

本研究目的在瞭解第一線管理者安全領導、勞工人格特質之現況，並進一步探討安全領導、人格特質及個人因素對勞工不安全行為及安全績效之影響。本研究以結構式問卷進行資料收集，內容包括人口學特徵、安全領導、外控人格、不安全行為、安全績效，以立意取樣方式選取南部地區營造業。共發出問卷500 份，回收有效問卷426份，有效問卷回收率74.4 %，所得資料以SPSS 12.0 for Windows 統計軟體為分析工具。
研究結果顯示感受到高關懷的勞工相對於感受到低關懷的勞工，外控人格傾向較低(p=0.002)、工作行為較為安全(p<0.0001)且發生虛驚事故次數較低(p<0.05)；感受到高控制的勞工相對於感受到低控制的勞工，外控人格傾向較低(p<0.0001)、工作行為較為安全(p<0.001)且發生虛驚事故及失能傷害次數較低(p<0.05)。合併關懷與控制兩因素，感受到低關懷低控制的勞工，其外控人格傾向高於感受到高關懷高控制或低關懷高控制的勞工(p<0.0001)；感受到高關懷高控制的勞工，其不安全行為明顯低於感受到高關懷低控制或低關懷低控制的勞工(p<0.0001)；且感受到高關懷高控制的勞工，其失能傷害績效指標也低於低關懷低控制之勞工(p=0.012)；高外控人格之勞工，其不安全行為明顯高於低外控人格之勞工(p<0.0001)。
本研究發現勞工對第一線管理者的關懷與控制感受、勞工個人的外控人格傾向與勞工之不安全行為、虛驚事故及失能傷害等安全績效指標具有相關性。因此在職業災害預防上，應加強對現場第一線管理者的安全領導訓練，善用領導策略中的關懷與控制，注意個別勞工的外控人格傾向，適時介入高危險群，才能有效提升勞工安全行為及降低意外事故的發生。

關鍵字

安全領導 ； 外控人格 ； 不安全行為 ； 安全績效

並列摘要

The purpose of this research tends to understand the current status for the first line managers’ safety leadership and the workers’ personality characteristics. In addition, this research also explores the impacts to workers’ unsafe behavior and safety performance exerted from safety leadership, personality characteristics and personal factors. This research adopted the structured questionnaire to proceed to information collection. And the information contents included demographic characteristics, safety leadership, external locus of control, unsafe behavior and safety performance. Judgment sampling was employed to select construction industries in the southern area of Taiwan. There were a total of 500 sheets of query survey disseminated with 426 of them characterized as the effective survey sheets and the effective return ratio reached 74.4%. Information acquired underwent analytical processing with statistical software of SPSS 12.0 for Windows.
Findings of this research indicated that, in the area like the workers who perceived higher level of caring as opposed to the workers who perceived lower level of caring, the corresponding external locus of control for the former tended to be lower (p=0.002) and their respective work behavior was safer (p<0.0001) in addition to fewer occurrences in the near miss incidents (p<0.05). Again, in the category of the workers who perceived high level of controlling as opposed to the workers who perceived low level of controlling, the corresponding external locus of control of the former tended to be lower (p<0.0001) and the work behavior was safer (p<0.001) in addition to fewer occurrences in both the near miss and the disabling injury categories (p<0.05). In the aspect of combining both factors like caring and controlling, the workers who perceived low caring and low controlling have higher corresponding external locus of control than that for the workers who perceived high controlling and high caring or the workers (p<0.0001) who perceived low caring and high controlling. For those workers who perceived high caring and high controlling, their corresponding unsafe behavior was obviously lower than those who perceived low controlling or those who (p<0.0001) perceived low caring and low controlling. Moreover, the workers who perceived high caring and high controlling, their corresponding performance indices for disabling injuries were lower than those of the workers (p=0.012) who perceived low caring and low controlling. The corresponding unsafe behavior of the workers with high level of external locus of control was conspicuously higher than those (p<0.0001) with low level of external locus of control.
Findings of this research revealed the fact that, the worker’s perception of the first line management’s caring and controlling possessed certain correlations to the safety performance indices for worker’s individual inclination in the external locus of control, workers’ unsafe behavior, near miss incidents and disabling injuries. Therefore, to prevent occupational hazards from happening, it should start with the enhancement and strengthening in the safety leadership training for the first line managers. With performances like being good at using the caring and controlling elements within leadership strategies, paying attention to inclination of external locus of control for each individual worker, timely intervening into the high-risk groups, the first line managers can effectively elevate and enhance the workers’ safety behavior as well as lower the rate of occurrence with accidents.

並列關鍵字

Safety Leadership ； External Locus of Control ； Unsafe Behavior ； Safety Performance

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