結盟、團結與分歧：變遷中的臺灣社運組織網絡（2012-2018）

台灣的社會運動組織在什麼狀態下會彼此結盟，它們的結盟性質有什麼特徵？在什麼樣的條件之下能夠達成「團結」？外在政治局勢的動盪下，是否會導致分歧的危險？2012年至2018年這七年的時間經歷了許多重大抗爭事件及政治局勢的變動。本研究透過新聞稿及報導等來源，收集前六年半各抗爭事件的社運組織參與名單，以社會網絡分析方法描繪整體社運社群內部的變化。並以太陽花佔領行動（2014.3.18）以及民進黨二次執政（2016.5.20）作為重要的轉折點，將總體時間段切分為三個時期做觀察與分析。結果發現太陽花佔領行動後的第二期是整體運動較為「跨群」結盟的時期，第三期跨群連結效應則明顯下降。其中不同議題的子群體也呈現出不同樣貌。接著透過社運組織幹部的深度訪談、焦點訪談及相關文本，探討太陽花運動的歷史時刻「社運團結」的意義與具體運作機制。透過質化資料來豐富行動者認知及社群文化層面，發現「社運團結」是讓跨運動結盟「顯性化」的關鍵。後期經歷社運參政、體制內互動以及公投法下修的等社群重要事件，社運社群又轉為「局部化」的跨運動結盟型態。本文認為「社運團結」建立在跨運動結盟的合作基礎上，它不是一種僵固的狀態，而是在特定歷史時刻中，社運組織之間在共同的運動構框之下，型塑了超越單一組織或運動的社群集體認同，並帶有情感凝聚成分（而不僅是理性的資源邏輯）在運動的實踐過程當中。透過歷時性的量化網絡資料及質化田野訪談資料相互補充，本文將解釋這七年來台灣社運組織結盟、團結與分歧的樣態。

關鍵字

社運團結；社會運動組織；社會網絡分析；混和方法；太陽花運動

並列摘要

Under what circumstances will Taiwan’s social movement organizations(SMOs) form alliances with each other, and what are the characteristics of their alliance? Under what conditions can "Solidarity-in-movement" be achieved? Will the changes in the external political situation lead to cleavage? During the seven years from 2012 to 2018, there have been many major protests and changes in the political situation. Through research sources such as press releases and reports, this study collects the list of SMOs participating in the first six and a half years of the protests, and uses social network analysis methods to describe changes within the overall community. Taking the Sun Flower Movement (2014.3.18) and the Democratic Progressive Party's second administration (2016.5.20) as an important turning point, the overall time period was divided into three periods for observation and analysis. It was found that the second phase after the Sun Flower Movement was a period in which the overall movement was more "cross-group", and the third-phase “cross-group” connection effect was significantly reduced. The sub-groups of different topics also show different appearances. Then, through the in-depth interviews, focus interviews and related texts of the members of SMOs , we will explore the significance and specific operational mechanism of the “Solidarity-in-movement” in the historical moment of the Sun Flower Movement. Through qualitative information to enrich the actor's perception and community culture, it is found that "Solidarity-in-movement" is the key to making the cross-movements alliance "Significant". In the later period, the community has turned into a "limited" cross-movements alliance. This paper considers that " Solidarity-in-movement" is based on the cooperation of cross-movements alliances. It is not a rigid state, but in a specific historical moment, SMOs are shaped by a master frame of movement. A social cluster that transcends a single organization or movement, with emotional cohesion (not just rational resource logic) in the process. Through the diachronic quantitative network data and qualitative field interview data complement each other, this article will explain the pattern of coalition, solidarity and cleavage of Taiwan social movement organizations in the past seven years.