查慎行與康熙──清代文學侍從與帝王互動之個案研究

查慎行（1650-1727，原名嗣璉，字夏重，後改今名，字悔餘，號他山，晚年號為初白）在明末清初的詩人中，生平較為平凡，然而卻以精熟的詩藝執清初詩壇之牛耳。不僅是清初六大家之一，亦被視為是王士禎、朱彝尊之後最重要「宗宋」派的詩人。五十三歲時（康熙四十一年，1702）以舉人身分特供南書房行走，隔年殿試及第，再隔年又授翰林院編修，乃是一生中最為輝煌時刻。有關康熙對於查慎行的破格禮遇一事，無論在康熙朝、以至於康雍乾三朝盛世，都顯得相當罕見。尤其，以「宗宋」詩風聞名大江南北的查慎行，曾為康熙譽為「煙波釣徒查翰林」，查慎行如何面對宮廷應制與帝王喜好，亦牽動清初「宗宋」與「宗唐」詩風的風潮，值得關注他以「詩人」身份在南書房行走時的角色與其應變。因此本文試圖重建查慎行與康熙的互動過程與細節，並釐清康熙一朝中各種「南書房行走」的文學侍從之類型，以清楚認知查慎行在南書房的定位與角色。如此，不僅能清楚地掌握查慎行在康熙身邊時的實際活動，也可以提供一個以詩聞名大江南北與宮中的文學侍從，如何面對康熙朝時的政治氛圍。因此，筆者擬以查慎行入康熙朝南書房行走的這十年為研究焦點，探究清代帝王與文學侍從的互動過程，查慎行如何備受賞識與禮遇、宮中與扈從生活、皇儲之爭的影響與京城的人際脈絡、以及詩作中透露出遭冷落的心境轉折，都是筆者試圖在此本論文中回答與思考的問題。

關鍵字

查慎行；康熙；南書房；南齋日記；木蘭圍獵；文學侍從

並列摘要

In the poets of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Zha Shenxing’s life was relatively ordinary, but he is well-known for his skilled poetry and had positioned as a lead. He was not only one of the six people in the early Qing Dynasty but also regarded as the poet of the most critical "Zong-Song" sect school after Wang Shi-Zhen and Zhu Yu-Zun. At the age of fifty-three, the unique glory was given to him to stay in the southern college as the role of the first-degree scholar. The next year, he had been honored the employment of Hanlin Academy, which was the most glorious moment in his life. Regarding Kangxi's special rulings on Zha Shenxing, it's quite rare in the Kangxi dynasty and even in the Kangxi, Yung, and Qian dynasties. Particularly, the poetry style of Zha Shenxing, of "Zong-Song" was famous throughout the country, and was once praised by Kangxi as "the fisherman of the enormous lake." It is worth paying attention to how Zha Shenxing faced the palatial system and the emperor's preferences had also influenced the poetry style of "Zong-Song" and "Zong Tang" in the early Qing Dynasty, and his role as a "poet" and his response when he stayed in the southern college. Therefore, the paper attempts to reconstruct the interaction process and details of Zha Shenxing and Kangxi and clarifies the types of literary servants in the "Engagement in Southern College" in the Kangxi Dynasty, to clearly understand the position and role of Zha Shenxing in the South College. By doing so, not only allow we to clearly understand the actual activities of Zha Shenxing when he accompanied Kangxi, but also provide a reflection that how a literary servant who was famous for poetry world-widely and in the palace faced the political atmosphere of the Kangxi Dynasty. Therefore, the author intends to use the ten years of Zha Shenxing's entry into the South College of Kangxi Dynasty as the research focus, to explore the interaction process between the emperors and the literary servant in the Qing Dynasty. The influence of Zha Shenxing's appreciation and courtesy, the impact of palatial life and retinue life, the battle of the Crown Prince, the interpersonal context of the capital, and the dilemma of the poetry revealed, which are all the questions that the author tries to answer and consider in the paper.