- 學位論文
故事的迷宮：奧罕．帕慕克之《黑色之書》
The Labyrinth of Story: Orhan Pamuk's The Black Book
摘要
摘要 本篇論文試圖從後設小說書寫技巧出發來探討奧罕．帕慕克小說《黑色之書》中的故事及說故事者在文本中之角色與作用。在這本小說中，帕慕克藉由故事之再現、轉換，呈現故事自身本質的弔詭與複雜性，進而將書寫中真實性的爭議問題化。本文處理的主題主要面向有二：首先探討故事在真實與虛構、權力與真相間之脈絡以及其自身似是而非之特質；二是檢視在這樣弔詭的思路上，故事如何交織於記憶與失憶之間以及作者與讀者身分如何在書寫閱讀故事的路徑中交錯重疊。 第一章先就當前《黑色之書》之評論及其研究現況做一簡扼整理回顧並指出以故事為主軸詮釋空間之可能性。接著試圖分析奧罕．帕慕克之作品與訪談來刻畫他的文學定位；透過檢視華特．班雅明(Walter Benjamin)所論及「說故事者」(the storyteller)之概念，提出帕慕克兼具小說家與說故事者特質之觀點。進而探討「書寫」、「閱讀」這兩個主題如何反覆地在《黑色之書》及帕慕克其他作品中出現。帕慕克進一步將書寫閱讀之影響及其在思想上的折衝，展現於東、西文化之間的交織、公領域與私領域間之辯證以及土耳其在現代化中所面臨的處境。 第二章介紹在土耳其專欄寫作之文化背景及專欄作家特殊之地位及影響力。《黑色之書》中專欄與小說主要情節並置、對話；而涉及多樣主題的小故事則在專欄中呈現。帕慕克利用此種書寫策略來呈現媒體操控與文字書寫確實性之爭議，因為在新聞領域中故事(story)可意指記事、報導、內情、真相亦或謊話。我在此章試圖引用麥克魯漢(Marshall McLuhan)《認識媒體：人的延伸》中對於新聞報業之論點來分析小說中新聞此媒體中權力、影響力與真相之關係。我要強調的是在《黑色之書》中故事自身交織於真實與虛構的灰色地帶且故事的回聲迴盪於公共與私密範疇之間。 第三章針對《黑色之書》中故事如何穿梭於記憶與失憶之間的藩籬加以分析。進而探討帕慕克如何透過反覆講述與聆聽故事的過程，將故事的傳承、重生與記憶花園之荒廢、重建緊緊相扣。接著指出故事如何在作者與讀者之間產生微妙的辯證與重疊，進而指出故事的影響力如何透過閱讀來穿透讀者的思維以及故事如何經由個人書寫延伸出另一種轉換的可能性。末章則為全文的總結。藉由《黑色之書》中層層堆疊的故事，帕慕克將書寫中的確實性及作者權威問題化、歷史化。本篇論文所要強調的是透過對故事進一步探索，目的在於重新思考真實與虛構、讀者與作者在《黑色之書》中的糾結，以及重新尋找故事書寫在文學中的位置。
並列摘要
Abstract This thesis discusses Orhan Pamuk’s The Black Book in light of its metafictional techniques and multifaceted narrative identities. It also aims to explore the significant role of story and the influential impact of storytelling in relation to the problem of authenticity and the idea of public intellectual in the novel. In The Black Book, Pamuk uses the essential feature of story to problematize the notion of origin in the textual authority and mobilize the function of medium in both public and private concern. The encounter of public and private illustrates in the representation of book form and the press. My investigation into the multilayers of narrative discourse will draw on the significance of story and the medium form of the press. The examination will also touch the manipulation of mass media in response to the authenticity in columnist writing and information gathering in public. Chapter Two consists four parts. In the first part, I would like to highlight the cultural background of columnist writing in Turkey and Pamuk’s structural arrangement of columns in The Black Book. In this novel, the columns from the press present an influential arena for storytelling. I would like to draw attention to the role of storyteller and the forms of storytelling in The Black Book in response to Walter Benjamin’s notion in “The Storyteller.” The examination will address how Pamuk constructs Celâl’s stories in the columns and how the stories generates truth and power and brings great impact on the readership. I would like to further investigate the representation on the game of power and truth of media in The Black Book in light of Marshall McLuhan’s conception in Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. I would further investigate the way stories echo and reecho in both public and private. The next topic will lead to the discussion on the problem of authenticity in relation to the game and devices of writing columns which Pamuk reveals in The Black Book. Chapter Three I would like to discuss the complex relation between storytelling and memory in this novel. In The Black Book, the act of storytelling associates with the access of memory and the gesture of public confession. I attempt to discuss the interrelation of memory and writing in response to Pamuk’s description of Celâl’s memory disease and his dilemma of keeping writing. I try to discuss how the access of memory through reading enforces readers’ participation in stories. The art of storytelling and its liberating function on the readership in the novel deserve a critical analysis. Thus, I would like to further focus on the readership in The Black Book in relation to the immense influence of reading and writing on readers. Chapter Four will be my conclusion. In this chapter, I would like to discuss the significance of reading Pamuk in Taiwan as a Foreign Languages and Literature student in response to the way Pamuk address the intellectual dialectic between East and West and the notion of “unlearning.” The way Pamuk reconsiders the relationship between author and authority, and historicizes the problems between past and present and also problematizes the issue on authorship and authenticity can offer further depth to rediscover the hidden stories in Taiwan. The multifaceted reflection on diverse cultures and the notion of public intellectual in his novels can be associated with the colonial past in a Taiwanese context. My thesis intends to offer a novel perspective to delve into Pamuk’s The Black Book through unpacking diverse layers of stories and reconsider the problem of authenticity and the intertwinements between stories, power and truth in the labyrinth of story.