摘要 本研究通過納米元件製程技術針對具有√5×√5鐵有序空缺位的Fe4 +δSe5單晶奈米線進行電性傳輸的研究。在未外加磁場下觀察到溫度28 K的一階金屬-絕緣體(MI)相轉變,並且發現與磁場相關的正巨磁阻(Colossal positive magnetoresistance)現象,其中該正巨磁阻表現出c軸優選方向(Prefer orientation)的異向性(anisotropic)的磁場依賴性。在磁場強度B = 9 T以及T <〜17 K時,Fe4 +δSe5單晶納米線保持與磁場無關的電阻狀態,推斷該磁場在零磁場下發生了自旋極化,可能與自旋-軌道耦合(spin-orbital coupling)的破壞有關。同時,該鐵有序空缺位的Fe4 +δSe5的金屬-絕緣體的相轉變效應具有頻率的依賴性,可以阿瑞尼斯定律(Arrhenius-law)的關係表示出其能量與頻率的關係,使這種行為與四氧化三鐵的Verwey轉變具有類似的電子電荷有序效應,也是第一個發現的非氧化物中具有類似Verwey轉變的實驗結果。數據表示自旋軌道耦合效應主要在低溫下對√5×√5 鐵空位有序的Fe4 +δSe5可以被觀測,此提供了解FeSe的電子軌道性質與超導電性的出現可能關聯。 另一方面,本論文亦進行了對FeSe超導體的絕緣母相(Parent phase)的詳細研究。通過化學共沉澱法合成Fe1-xSe時,以FeCl2的不同比例進行製備具有不同Fe空缺有序的Fe1-xSe。從電性的量測中發現,Fe空位有序的絕緣Fe1-xSe基本上表現出3D-Mott變程跳躍行為(3D-Mott variable range hopping),在37〜45 K左右具有類Verwey轉變特性(Verwey-like transition)。通過調控Fe空缺有序地排列,Fe1-xSe具備不同傳輸特性如單能帶(single-band)和雙能帶(two-band)行為。再者,本研究利用快速退火處理(Rapid thermal annealing, RTA)進行對鐵空缺有序性的破壞,同時增加Fe3 +在Fe1-xSe中的含量。在不改變Fe1-xSe分子組成劑量的條件下,產生出更多的電子載流子,導致在 8 K時會出現完全的超導現象。更在675 oC的RTA處理下達到起始超導相轉變溫度14.5 K,為第一次在常壓下出現FeSe系統高於超導相轉變溫度高於8 K的研究結果。最後,本研究論證通過激子耦合機制(Exciton coupling mechanism)可以誘導和增益FeSe的超導性,證明具有鐵控缺有序的Fe1-xSe為FeSe超導系統的母相。
Abstract The electrical transport of Fe4+δSe5 single-crystal nanowires exhibiting √5 × √5 Fe-vacancy order and mixed valence of Fe were investigated in this study by a single nanowire measurement. A first-order metal-insulator (MI) transition of transition temperature TMI ≈ 28 K is observed under zero magnetic fields (B). Colossal positive magnetoresistance emerges, resulting from the magnetic-field dependent MI transition. TMI demonstrates anisotropic magnetic-field dependence with the preferred orientation along the c-axis. At T < ~17 K, the state of near magnetic-field independent resistance is preserved under magnetic fields up to B = 9 T, deduced to be spin-polarized at zero fields. The c-axis preference and the loss of magnetic-field dependence below T ≈ 17 K to the spin-orbital coupling in the tetragonal system have been claimed. The Arrhenius-law shift of the transition on the source-drain frequency dependence reveals that it is the first non-oxide compound with the Verwey-like electronic correlation. The data indicate that the spin-orbital coupling is crucial in √5 × √5 Fe-vacancy-ordered Fe4+δSe5 at low temperatures. The findings can provide valuable information to better understand the orbital nature and the emergence of superconductivity in FeSe-based materials. On the other hand, a detailed study to investigate the existence of an insulating parent phase of FeSe superconductor has been carried out. Fe1-xSe with different Fe-vacancy orders were prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method under the nominal molar ratio of FeCl2 precursor during the synthesis. The insulating Fe1-xSe with Fe-vacancy order basically shows a 3D-Mott variable range hopping behavior with a Verwey-like electronic correlation at around 37~45 K, single- and two-band behaviors of the transport properties can be observed in different types of Fe1-x¬Se by controlling the vacancy order. The application of the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process results in the destruction of Fe-vacancy order and induces more electron carriers by increasing the Fe3+ valence state. Superconductivity emerges with Tc ~ 8K without changing the chemical stoichiometry of the sample after the RTA process by resulting in the addition of extra carriers in favor of superconductivity and reach to 14.5 K with the appropriate thermal annealing temperature of 675 oC is firstly performed under the ambient condition. In addition, the results show that the tetragonal Fe(1-x)Se with the specific Fe-vacancy order is the parent phase of FeSe superconductors, and the superconductivity can be induced and correlated by the exciton coupling mechanism, which implies the parent phase of FeSe superconductors.