透過您的圖書館登入
IP:18.116.85.72
  • 學位論文

漢魏六朝的宮女

Palace Women in Early Imperial China

指導教授 : 李貞德
若您是本文的作者,可授權文章由華藝線上圖書館中協助推廣。

摘要


從秦漢大一統帝國以來,皇室選女入宮成為常態,成百上千名女性選入後宮,自成一個獨特的群體。她們對內是後宮的主要勞動者,對外成為天子以降的各種身分男性的婚配對象,身為宮女的她們從側面參與傳統的政治史領域,其本身的生活型態也值得探究。 本研究破題將從入宮談起,探討女性進入後宮的兩種途徑,並分析宮女們在後宮的工作內容,與日常起居等生活細節。然後將焦點放在宮女如何參與宮廷政治,在女主掌權或皇帝不信任外臣時,宮女們便成為皇室忠誠的左右手。接著關注入宮的女性最後可以走向哪些發展,宮女們的生活重心是皇帝后妃,皇室的穩定性便極大影響了宮女的出路。皇朝穩定、君王執政順利,則宮女或順利婚配、或放出嫁人,最差也能老死宮中。皇帝過世或皇權不穩、群雄紛起,則宮女可能成為軍隊的酬庸,或是隨君王顛沛流離,客死異鄉。 本文以漢魏六朝的宮女做為研究主題,放在政治史的角度,此時期的女主政治少不了宮女的穿針引線,協理朝政,在唐代後宮將妃嬪與女官分立之前,兩漢至南北朝的宮女們在兩種身分間也有較為彈性的轉換。從生活史來看,宮女們緊隨皇室生活,皇家舉辦不同節氣的活動祭典與休閒娛樂,宮女便是勞動的主力。而在婦女史觀點,宮女位階處於平民婦女與傑出女主的中間地帶,選沒入宮的女性,即使入宮時有良賤之分,其發展仍有許多可能。漢魏六朝後宮制度尚未完備,本研究希望能概略描繪此一時期的宮女,冀能補上婦女史的一小塊拼圖。

並列摘要


Chinese imperial authority selected women to serve in the inner palace since the unified Qin-Han empires. Thousands of women were regularly put into the harem to serve as potential wives and concubines of the emperor. Before the Tang dynasty when categorical hierarchy of these women was more institutionalized, a majority of them became main workforce while awaiting imperial favor. Though anonymous most of the time, they sometimes encountered politics and left visible marks in historical records in this period of famous women rulers and constant dynastic changes. Palace women constituted a big compartment in life of the imperial house but were often overlooked because the scantiness of sources. This research deals with these women in early imperial China, utilizing standard histories, official documents, encyclopedia compilations as well as archeological excavations. It first investigates the selection, duties and average life of palace women in the Han-Wei-Jin-Nanbeichao, and proceeds to examine their personal connections, including companionship among peers, relations with superiors and interactions with family members in and out of the palace. These connections either enabled their advancement or led to their destructive fate. These together with other final stories of the women will be studied both to portray the diverse outcomes of palace women and to demonstrate the use of images of palace women in historical writings.

參考文獻


(清)嚴可均校輯,《全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文》,北京:中華書局,1958。
王利華,《中古華北飲食文化的變遷》,北京:中國社會科學出版社,2000。
田餘慶,《東晉門閥政治》,北京:北京大學,1989。
李貞德,《女人的中國醫療史──漢唐之間的健康照顧與性別》,臺北:三民書局,2008。
康樂,《從西郊到南郊──國家祭典與北魏政治》,臺北:稻鄉出版社,1995。

延伸閱讀


國際替代計量