鼇峰書院與清初福建理學的復興

The Establishment of the Aofeng Academy and Revival of Neo-Confucianism in Fujian in the Early Qing Dynasty

李慈紜(Lee, Tzu Yun)

指導教授 ： 李卓穎

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/歷史研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

位在福州的鼇峯書院，於雍正十一年(1733)被選為二十三所省會書院之一，不僅培養出清初著名的理學家如蔡世遠、藍鼎元、雷鋐等人，也對臺灣海東書院的發展產生深遠影響。本文即以鼇峯書院建立與扎根的過程，說明清初閩學復興的原因。康熙四十六年(1707)巡撫張伯行興建鼇峰書院以推行理學，除了由院名、建置表明此處繼承閩學傳統，也在院內擬定讀書日程，刊刻以理學為準則、導引士人讀書為學的書籍，並且尋求地方家族協助書院與書籍刊刻的工作。鼇峯書院的發展，顯示出閩學振起，實和推行學術的官員有效藉助當地士紳的力量，以及回應地方士人的學術關懷有關。全文以外地官員為視角，於明清之際，學術風氣由多元逐漸收束為一元的背景下，呈現地方士人的支持、當地的學術傳統，以及如何處理科舉考試的實際需求，共同凝鑄出福建學術的新面貌。理學能夠於閩地再度復興，除了與當時全國的學術思潮有關外，也是推行學術的官員，與士紳家族協商，並和當地的學術傳統交流，以及妥善安排理學與舉業關係下的結果。

關鍵字

鼇峯書院 ； 福州 ； 閩學 ； 張伯行 ； 蔡世遠

並列摘要

Located in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, the Aofeng Academy was selected one of the twenty-three provincial capital academies in 1733. Many notable Neo-Confucians in the early Qing dynasty, such as Cai Shiyuan, Lan Dingyuan and Lei Hong, graduated from this academy. It also had a close connection with the Haidong Academy in Taiwan and played a significant role in the latter’s development. This thesis, based on the analysis of the process in which the Aofeng Academy was built and took root in Fujian, explains how and why the Fujian Neo-Confucian School, or the Min School, revived in the early eighteenth century. Fujian Governor, Zhang Boxing, took the initiative to build the Aofeng Academy in 1707 to promote Neo-Confucianism. He adopted a wide variety of strategies to achieve this goal, such as (re-)naming the academy and the building within it to claim Fujian Neo-Confucian heritage, organizing curriculums and publishing books to engage students in the study of Neo-Confucian ideas, and cultivating his relations with Fujian gentry families to strengthen the local support. This thesis shows that the official’s collaboration with the local gentry and judicious response to their expectations are instrumental to the success of the Aofeng Academy. It also demonstrates that Zhang Boxing’s and his successors’ sensible responses to the tension between Neo-Confucian learning and the study for civil service examination are crucial to the revival of the Min School in the first half of the eighteenth century.

並列關鍵字

Aofeng Academy ； Fuzhou ； Min School ； Zhang Boxing ； Cai Shiyuan

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