- 學位論文
共和國生產者的晚年—中國老年經濟安全保障階層化
The Sunset of the Republic Producers—the Stratified Social Economic Security of the Elderly in China
摘要
既往養老保障研究中，學者多論及社會保障的地域化、碎片化與其機制，卻鮮有針對不同退休群體的老年經濟安全的實證研究。本研究企圖回應制度變遷過程中，不同階級退休者的老年經濟安全是如何被現行制度與制度變遷的軌跡所影響；同時，藉著重回社會分層變動的討論，除了重新檢視政治資本對於退休者的作用外，也將階級的分析視角帶進了養老保障的研究。透過2016年10月中至11月中旬到中國北京、南京與廣州三地，與相關領域專家學者進行訪談後建立假設，利用2010年與2013年中國社會調查（Chinese General Social Survey, CGSS）數據建立模型驗證假設。研究結果支持權力維繫論，位於國有單位並具備黨員身份的退休者能獲得更好退休待遇；此外，亦發現退休者與現今勞動市場工作者的收入分配態樣呈現倒轉現象。這也意味著自1990 年代跟隨市場改革所變動的社會保障制度既未保有社會主義式平等的想望，也非市場轉型論所預示般由直接生產者得益；相對的，位處利益核心者在改革進程中仍得以持續維繫自身優勢。
並列摘要
To date, there have been many studies about “Sub-nationalization of Social Protection”, fragmented social security, and the mechanism of the above, but little empirical research has been undertaken into the stratification of retirees in China. This study attempts to answer how the different classes of retirees have been affected by the trajectory of the institutions. By revisiting the discussions of social stratification and social mobility, the impacts of political capital and the class on retirees are examined. Based on the fieldwork, four hypotheses are built. And statistical results show that danwei and party membership bring the retirees better incomes; besides, the opposite income distribution between the market producers and the retirees implies that the social security reform from the 1990s has been neither upholding the principal of social equality, nor benefiting the direct market producers. Instead, it is the stakeholders of the institutions that retain their advantages.