- 學位論文
後黎朝末期(1735‐1789)安南使節在中國的外交活動
Envoys of Later Le Dynasty stationed in China from 1735 to 1789 and the diplomatic negotiations they encountered
摘要
在後黎朝末期的1735‐1789 年間，由於後黎朝與清朝在政治上皆處於相對 安定的狀態，且使節出使在此時已行之有年，使得使節在出使中國時，有著相 當成熟的制度與規範。本文將以《越南漢文燕行文獻集成》為主，探討此時期 使節出使的概況，及與皇帝、中國地方官以及朝鮮使節的交流互動。同時，藉 由韓國以及中國方面的材料，彌補此時期安南使節在中國第三方視角的缺乏， 建構出安南使節在中國的生活與形象。最後，透過黎的個案研究，探討19 世紀前後越南華夷觀念的演變。大體而言，此時期由於清朝國內的強盛，安南 在華夷觀念上，並沒有如朝鮮，或是阮朝建國後來的尖銳，使節與中國地方官 及文人交流時，也多採肯定的態度。而透過黎的研究，則可看出1789 年 後，越南對於中國觀感的改變，以及新建立的阮朝，是如何透過這些後黎朝遺 臣，建構出屬於越南自己的民族精神以及主體性。
並列摘要
At the end of Later Le Dynasty (1735-1789), because of its relatively stable relationship with the Qing Dynasty, to whom it had been sending envoys for a long time, there had formed highly mature institutions and norms for these envoys. The purpose of this thesis, mainly based on 越南漢文燕行文獻集成, was first to explore how these envoys were sent to China, as well as their interaction with emperors, local Chinese magistrates, and Korean envoys. Second, based on materials found in Korean and China, it attempted to supplement with the third-party perspective of Annan envoys in China, so as to construct their lives and personal images in China. Third, through the case study of Later Le Dynasty, it researched the evolution of the Hua–Yi distinction in Vietnam around the 19th century. In general, influenced by the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty, Annan's attitude towards the Hua-Yi distinction was not as unsatisfied as that of Korean, or that of the later established Nguyễn dynasty. Annan envoys often communicated positively with local Chinese magistrates and scholars. From this study, it can be inferred that Vietnam's attitude towards China changed apparently after 1789, and how the newly established Nguyễn dynasty used those surviving officials of Later Le Dynasty to construct national spirit and subjectivity of Vietnam.