- 學位論文
「有麝自然香，何必當風颺」─中日麝香社會生命史
The Social Life of Musk in the History of Sino-Japanese
摘要
本研究從物的歷史來探討麝香所呈現之博物學交流現象與歷史過程。麝香之所以值得研究，不單單只是因為此物是絕佳的藥材與香料，更多的因素乃在於自古以來市面上總是充斥著造假的麝香，迫使人們不得不深入瞭解麝香，以及麝香的本源「麝」。因此本文擬從「社會生命史」（Social life of things）的角度來討論麝這種動物與古人生活間所存在的互動關係。這部分論述之目的，主要在重建古人心目中麝這種生物所具有的價值意涵，並進而呈現這種動物何以能引發人們「博物學」興趣的原因所在。 對於非麝香產地，卻又對麝香有著極高需求的日本而言，麝香產地的差別、品質和鑑定，以及如何獲得麝香便是日本史中的一大課題。因此在中日交流初期，絕大部分有關於麝與麝香的認知，日本皆必須仰賴中國本草學的傳入，然後再轉化成日本本土博物學知識的一部份。事實上，在轉化的過程之中，就會因為需求的不同，而關注於不同的焦點。在麝的認知部分，與中國博物學中的記載相比，日本的博物學顯然更注重麝香的品質差別以及真偽鑑定。如此一來，因為注重的焦點不同，麝的博物學，即使源頭來自於中國博物學，卻也會演變出不同的博物學認知。因此以麝與麝香的社會生命史為例，確實可以體現出中日交流史中的一環。特別是當外來的博物學知識，傳入異國之後，如何將這些知識轉化或翻譯成該國可以普遍接受的方式，不僅是博物學交流史中重要的課題，更是文化交流史的主要課題之一。
並列摘要
This study is focused on the phenomenon of natural exchange and historical process of musk. The reason of studying musk is not just because it is an excellent medicinal and spice, but also that since ancient times the market is always filled with defective musk, forcing people to understand musk, and the origin of "musk deer". Therefore, this article intends to discuss the interaction between musk deer and the ancients' life from the perspective of "social life of things". The purpose of this discussion is mainly to reconstruct the meaning of musk deer thought by the ancient people, and thus show how this animal can cause people to have interest in "natural history”. Especially for Japan, a non-musk origin, but has a high demand for it. The knowledge of musk differences, quality and identification, and how to get musk is a major issue in the history of Japan. Therefore, in the early days of Sino-Japanese exchanges, the vast majority of the musk deer and musk knowledge, still relies on the introduction of Chinese herbal science, and then transformed into a part of Japan's natural history. In the cognitive part of musk deer, compared with the records of Chinese natural history, Japan's natural history is obviously more emphasis on the quality of musk differences and authenticity identification. In this way, because of the differences, the natural history of musk deer’s transformed into a different natural understanding even when the source came from the Chinese natural history. Therefore, for example the social life history between musk deer and musk, can really reflect the history of Sino-Japanese exchange. Especially when the foreign knowledge of natural history, after introducing it to foreign countries. The question of how to translate or transform these knowledge in another country, and get accept by the public, is not only an important issue natural history, but also the main topic of cultural exchange.