十九世紀武吉斯海圖研究：以《馬德里本》為中心

A Study of 19th Century Bugis Sea Charts, Madrid Map as the Case

呂子肇(Cher-Jau Loo)

指導教授 ： 李毓中

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/歷史研究所/碩士(2017年)

摘要

武吉斯海圖是東南亞武吉斯人所繪製的東南亞海圖，現在實際存在兩幅原版，一為馬德里本、一為烏特勒支本，另外還存有一幅已縮小的單色影本的巴達維亞本。武吉斯海圖底本來自歐洲，主要受到十七世紀末至十八世紀上半葉的荷蘭地圖的製圖知識影響。本研究在海圖實物和前人基礎上，重新考證和理解圖上以隆塔拉文記載的地名、整理武吉斯海圖過往的研究脈絡。以馬德里本為主，烏特勒支本、巴達維亞本為輔，以圖證史，以史解圖。本研究也發現從武吉斯海圖上存有的各種波特蘭海圖特徵、使用和再加工的痕跡，可以解讀和分析出武吉斯海圖具有實用性的用途並存在用途差異。本研究以馬德里本為主解讀海圖上的地名，協助考訂年代，同時發現馬德里圖與其它武吉斯海圖在關注點上的異同，從而推斷武吉斯海圖並非海盜圖，且有投入貿易、航海上的用途。

關鍵字

武吉斯海圖 ； 馬德里本 ； 海圖 ； 東南亞海圖

並列摘要

The Bugis sea charts are made by the Bugis living in South East Asia. The two originals discovered are known as the Madrid and the Utrecht and another miniature version called Batavia in black and white are also exist. The techniques used by the Bugis in making these maps were very much influenced by the end 17th to early 18th century European mapping knowledge and techniques.

With the presence of the original maps and passed researches, the study is carried out to re-identify the physical presence of the places which was named in Lontara script in the maps and also the history it carries. The Madrid was used as the main reference material and the Utrecht as secondary and the Batavia was also used occasionally.

During the course of study, evidence of the use and modification of characteristics of portolan charts were found in the Bugis maps, it further confirms that the Bugis map existence has its own value and practicality.

By studying the physical presence of the name of the places in the Madrid, it helps to ascertain the time it was created. At the same time, study also find that even though the focus of all the existing Bugis maps were different but coincidently certain similarity were present. It is through these findings that it could be ascertain that these Bugis maps were created with commercial purposes in mind rather than for pirating activities.

並列關鍵字

Bugis sea chart ； Madrid map ； Sea chart ； Southeast Asia map

參考文獻

1. 太田淳，〈“Illicit Trade” in South Sumatra: Local Society’s Response to Trade Expansion, C. 1760-1800〉（南蘇門答臘的「非法貿易」：在地社會對貿易擴張之回應，1760－1800 年），《臺灣東南亞學刊》6：2（埔里，2009），頁3-41。

1. Leiden University Libraries, COLLBN 002-09-027.

3. National Library of Australia, MAP RM 1442.

14. Munshi Abdullah, Hakayit Abdullah, London: Henry S. Kings, 1874.

16. Pires, T., The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires: An Account of the East, from the Red Sea to Japan. trans. Cortesao, A., London: Hakluyt Society, 1944.